Indexing
All Issues
Submission
Author Guidelines
Reviewers
Editorial Members
Publication Fee
Vol.5 , No. 2, Publication Date: May 10, 2018, Page: 44-49
 of the Department of Paediatrics in association with the labour ward of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri (UMTH), over 18 month period from 1st January 2017-30th June 2017. Diagnosis of BD was based on clinical evaluation, radiographic examination, and echocardiography and karyotyping, whenever recommended. Those diagnosed with birth defects were admitted into the SCBU for observation and documentation. During the 18 months study period, the total admission into Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) was 1256 neonates, out of these 115 (9.2%) neonates were diagnosed with congenital birth defects, giving the incidence of 9.15/1000 live birth, the male were 53 and female 67 with ratio of 0.8:1. Majority of the birth defects 59 (51.3%) documented consisted of (gastrointestinal tract) digestive system defects, this was followed by central nervous system (CNS) 34 (29.6%), also urogenital system (UGS) and cardiovascular system 4 (3.5%) each, in addition there were 3 (2.6%) cases of CHARGE syndrome. Multiple congenital birth defects constituted 11 (9.6%) of the cases identified. Thirty two (27.8) died before surgical, and 55 (47.8%) that had surgery, 18 (32.7%) died, and 36 (23.8%) were stillbirth with various defects. However, the overall mortality was 50/115 (43.5%), while 56.5% was discharged.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/906.jpg)
| [1] | Simon Pius, Department of Paediatrics, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Machoko Yenti, Department of Paediatrics, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria. |
| [3] | Samuel Wabada, Department of Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria. |
| [4] | Halima Abubakar Ibrahim, Department of Paediatrics, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria. |
| [5] | Mohammed Abatcha Bukar, Department of Paediatrics, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria. |
| [6] | Abubakar Ali Kullima, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria. |
| [7] | Bisumang Joel Dada, Department of Paediatrics, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria. |
| [8] | Mustapha Bello, Department of Paediatrics, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria. |
Birth defects also known as congenital anomalies, congenital malformations or congenital disorders are structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life. They are important cause for neonatal morbidity and mortality and larger percentage of stillbirth.. A mother who gives birth to an abnormal baby is seen as a reproductive failure and may be saddled with the high cost of taking care of such a child. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence and pattern of congenital malformations in UMTH, identify subgroups that are affected and challenge associated with management, provide information that can be used for prevention and counseling. This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the Department of Paediatrics in association with the labour ward of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri (UMTH), over 18 month period from 1st January 2017-30th June 2017. Diagnosis of BD was based on clinical evaluation, radiographic examination, and echocardiography and karyotyping, whenever recommended. Those diagnosed with birth defects were admitted into the SCBU for observation and documentation. During the 18 months study period, the total admission into Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) was 1256 neonates, out of these 115 (9.2%) neonates were diagnosed with congenital birth defects, giving the incidence of 9.15/1000 live birth, the male were 53 and female 67 with ratio of 0.8:1. Majority of the birth defects 59 (51.3%) documented consisted of (gastrointestinal tract) digestive system defects, this was followed by central nervous system (CNS) 34 (29.6%), also urogenital system (UGS) and cardiovascular system 4 (3.5%) each, in addition there were 3 (2.6%) cases of CHARGE syndrome. Multiple congenital birth defects constituted 11 (9.6%) of the cases identified. Thirty two (27.8) died before surgical, and 55 (47.8%) that had surgery, 18 (32.7%) died, and 36 (23.8%) were stillbirth with various defects. However, the overall mortality was 50/115 (43.5%), while 56.5% was discharged.
Keywords
Congenital, Birth Defects, Incidence, Pattern and Outcome, Maiduguri
Reference
| [01] | Ekwunife OH, Okoli CC, Ugwu JO, Modekwe VI, Ekwesianya AC. Congenital anomalies: Prospective study of pattern and associated risk factors in infants presenting to a tertiary hospital in Anambra State, South-east Nigeria. Niger J Paediatr 2017; 44 (2): 76–80. |
| [02] | Adeniran JO, Odebode TO. Congenital malformations in paediatric and neurosurgical practices. Sahel Med J 2005; 8: 4‑8. |
| [03] | Singh S, Chukwunyere DN, Omembelede J, Onankpa B. Foetal congenital anomalies: An experience from a tertiary health institution in north-west nigeria (2011-2013). Niger Postgrad Med J 2015; 22: 174-8. |
| [04] | Maimoona Q, Sohail A, Shaher B. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Congenital Anomalies at a tertiary care hospital. P J M H S. 2017; 11: 3942. |
| [05] | El Koumi MA, Banna EA, Lebda I. Pattern of congenital anomalies in newborn: a hospital based study. Paed Reports 2013; 5: 5. |
| [06] | Tanteles GA, Suri M. Classification and etiology of birth defects. Pediatr Child Health 2007; 17: 233- 43. |
| [07] | Mashuda F, Antke Z, Phillipo LC, Benson RK and Mange M. BMC Research Notes 2014, 7: 195 Page 7 of 7: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/7/195. |
| [08] | Rittler M, López-Camelo J, Castilla EE: Sex ratio and associated risk factors for 50 congenital anomaly types: clues for causal heterogeneity. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2004, 70 (1): 13–19. |
| [09] | Aihw NP, Birch MR, Grayson N, Sullivan EA,. Recommendations for development of a new Australian birth anomalies system: a review of the congenital malformations and birth defects data collection. AIHW Cat. No. PER 23, Sydney: AIHW National Perinatal Statistics Unit (Birth Anomalies Series no. 1): 2004. |
| [10] | Sadler TW: Langman Medical Embryology. 10th Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2011; 1: 11. |
| [11] | Parmar A, Rathod SP, Patel SV, Patel SM: A study of congenital anomalies in newborn. NIJRM 2010, 1: 13–7. |
| [12] | Malla BK: One year review study of congenital anatomical malformation at birth in Maternity Hospital (Prasutigriha), Thapathali, Kathmandu. Kathmandu Univ Med J 2007, 5 (4): 557–560. |
| [13] | Eluwa MA, Aneosong SA, Akpanta AO, Ekong MB, Asuquo OR, Ekanem TB. Congenital Malformations Recorded in four Hospitals in Central Part of Cross River State. Int J Pharm Sci Invent 2013; 2 (13): 27-30. |
| [14] | Okonkwo IR, Omoruyi HO, Abhulimhen I, Omoigberale AI. Pattern of congenital anomalies as seen in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Sahel Med J 2011; 14 (4): 186-194. |
| [15] | Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, et al. Disability‑adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990‑2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012; 380: 2197‑223. |
| [16] | WHO/Congenital anomalies [Internet]. WHO. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs370/en/ (28 April 2015, date last accessed). |
| [17] | Birth Defects Registry of India - A “Saving Babies” Project j Medindia [Internet]. http://www.medindia.net/news/ healthwatch/Birth-Defects-Registry-of-India-A-Saving- Babies Project-78389-1.htm (12 September 2013, date last accessed). |
| [18] | Cherian AG, Jamkhandi D, George K, Bose A, Prasad J, and Minz S. Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies in a Secondary Care Hospital in South India: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 032016, 62, 361–367. |
| [19] | Taksande A, Vilhekar K, Chaturvedi P, et al. Congenital malformations at birth in Central India: a rural medical college hospital based data. Indian J Hum Genet 2010; 16: 159. |
| [20] | Agopian AJ, Tinker SC, Lupo PJ, et al. National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Proportion of neural tube defects attributable to known risk factors. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2013; 97: 42–6. |
| [21] | Shamaki MA, Buang A. Socio-cultural practice in maternal health among women in a less developed economy. An overview of Sokoto State, Nigeria. Malays J Soc Space 2014; 10: 1-14. |
| [22] | Ambe JP, Madziga AG, Akpede GO and Mava Y. Pattern and outcome of Congenital malformation in newborn babies in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. WAJM2010; 29 (1): 24-29. |
| [23] | Sarkar S, Patra C, Dasgupta MK, Nayek K, Karmakar PF. Prevalence of congenital anomalies in neonates and associated risk factors in tertiary care hospital in eastern India. J Clin Neonatal 2013; 2 (3): 131-134. |
| [24] | Bhide P, Gund P, Kar A (2016) Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies in an Indian Maternal Cohort: Healthcare, Prevention, and Surveillance Implications. PLoS ONE 11 (11): e0166408. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166408. |
| [25] | Lawn JE, Blencowe H, Waiswa P, Amouzou A, Mathers C, Hogan D et al. Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration towards 2030. Lancet. 2016; 387 (10018): 587±603. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (15) 00837-5 PMID: 26794078. |
