







Vol.2 , No. 1, Publication Date: Aug. 3, 2017, Page: 1-6
[1] | Robert Sturm, Department of Physics and Biophysics, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria. |
The contribution introduces an airway scaling procedure, which assumes (a) a fractal anatomy of the human lung and (b) a generation-related variability of bronchial morphometry in a chaotic fashion. Basic scaling of the branching system was conducted by application of an inverse power-law including the fractional dimension of the anatomic object. Simulation of intrasubject diversity of the measurements, on the other side, was realized by using a normalized and repeatedly corrected variant of the logistic equation primarily introduced by Verhulst. Two morphometric data sets were theoretically approximated with the help of the scaling procedure, thereby assuming a morphometric diversity covered by a 60%-range. In both cases, excellent prediction of experimental data was provided.
Keywords
Human Lung, Chaos Theory, Verhulst Dynamics, Morphometry, Lung Airway, Fractal Geometry
Reference
[01] | Weibel, E. R. and Gomez, D. M. (1962). Architecture of the human lung. Use of quantitative methods establishes fundamental relations between size and number of lung structures. Science, 127: 577-588. |
[02] | Weibel, E. (1963). Morphometry of the Human Lung. Academic Press, New York, USA. |
[03] | Mandelbrot, B. (1983). The Fractal Geometry of Nature. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, USA. |
[04] | Goldberger, A. L. and West, B. J. (1988). Fractal in physiology and medicine. Yale Journal of Biological Medicine, 60: 421-435. |
[05] | Horsfield, K. and Cumming, G. (1968). Morphology of the bronchial tree in man. Journal of Applied Physiology, 24: 373-383. |
[06] | Horsfield, K., Dart, G., Olson, D., Filley, G., and Cumming, G. (1971). Models of the human bronchial tree. Journal of Applied Physiology, 31: 207-217. |
[07] | Parker, H., Horsfield, K., and Cumming, G. (1971). Morphology of distal airways in the human lung. Journal of Applied Physiology, 31: 386-391. |
[08] | Phalen, R., Yeh, H., Schum, G., and Raabe, O. (1978). Application of an idealized model to morphometry of the mammalian tracheobronchial tree. Anatomical Records, 190: 167-176. |
[09] | West, B. J. and Goldberger, A. L. (1987). Physiology in fractal dimensions. American Scientist, 75: 354-364. |
[10] | West, B. J. (1987). Fractals Intermittency and Morphogenesis. In: Degn, H., Holden, A. V. and Olsen, L. F. (Eds.), Chaos in Biological Systems. Plenum Press, New York, USA. pp. 305-314. |
[11] | Montroll, E. W. and Shlesinger, M. F. (1983). Maximum entropy formalism, fractals, scaling phenomena, and 1/f noise: A tale of tails. Journal of Statistical Physics, 32: 209–230. |
[12] | West, B. J., Bhargava, V., and Goldberger, A. L. (1986). Beyond the principle of similitude: renormalization in the bronchial tree. Journal of Applied Physiology, 60: 1089-1097. |
[13] | Raabe, O., Yeh, H., Schum, G., and Phalen, R. (1976). Tracheobronchial Geometry: Human, Dog, Rat, Hamster (LF-53). Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA. |
[14] | MacDonald, N. (1983). Trees and Networks in Biological Models. Wiley, New York USA. |
[15] | Shlesinger, M. F. and Hughes, B. D. (1981). Analogs of renormalization group transformations in random processes. Physica, 109A: 597-608. |
[16] | Bevington, P. R. (1969). Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. |
[17] | Nelson, T. R., West, B. J., and Goldberger, A. L. (1990). The fractal lung: Universal and species-related scaling patterns. Experientia, 46: 251–254. |
[18] | Verhulst, P. F. (1838). Notice sur la loi que la population suit dans son accroissement. Correspondance Mathématique et Physique, 10: 113–121. |
[19] | Sturm, R. and Hofmann, W. (2006). A computer program for the simulation of fiber deposition in the human respiratory tract. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 36: 1252-1267. |
[20] | Sturm, R. and Hofmann, W. (2009). A theoretical approach to the deposition and clearance of fibers with variable size and shape in the human respiratory tract. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 170: 210-221. |
[21] | Sturm, R. (2010). Theoretical models for dynamic shape factors and lung deposition of small particle aggregates originating from combustion processes. Zeitschrift für medizinische Physik, 20: 226-234. |
[22] | Sturm, R. (2010). Deposition and cellular interaction of cancer-inducing particles in the human respiratory tract: Theoretical approaches and experimental data. Thoracic Cancer, 4: 141-152. |
[23] | Sturm, R. (2011). Theoretical and experimental approaches to the deposition and clearance of ultrafine carcinogens in the human respiratory tract. Thoracic Cancer, 2: 61-68. |
[24] | Sturm, R. (2012). Theoretical models of carcinogenic particle deposition and clearance in children's lungs. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 4: 368-376. |
[25] | Sturm, R. (2012). Modeling the deposition of bioaerosols with variable size and shape in the human respiratory tract – A review. Journal of Advanced Research, 3: 295-304. |
[26] | Sturm, R. (2015). Nanotubes in the respiratory tract – Deposition modeling. Zeitschrift für medizinische Physik, 25: 135-145. |
[27] | Sturm, R. (2016). A stochastic model of carbon nanotube deposition in the airways and alveoli of the human respiratory tract. Inhalation Toxicology, 28: 49-60. |
[28] | Sturm, R. (2016). Inhaled nanoparticles. Physics Today, 69: 70-71. |