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Vol.3 , No. 1, Publication Date: Aug. 25, 2017, Page: 1-9
 is closely linked to the metabolic syndrome, and affects up to 30% of the population of the western world, and this is expected to increase even further in the near future. Pharmacological therapy has proved ineffective while lifestyle interventions improve outcomes. Unfortunately many patients struggle to exercise, and therefore have poor outcomes. New techniques such as externally stimulating the muscle electronically using cheap and existing technology, are hoped to mimic resistance exercise and produce the same benefits. Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched throughout December 2015 by 2 reviewers independently. English articles with adult participants undergoing muscular electrical stimulation were included. Whereas studies with participants <18 years old, non-human studies, cell based studies, studies without controls, observational studies, sample size <5, and case studies or expert opinions were excluded. Changes in metabolic markers, physique, impact on NAFLD, and resemblance to exercise were recorded. 5994 articles were identified, and 10 met the inclusion criteria. These were split into multiple session resistance exercise, single session resistance exercise, and stimulated cycling groups. Multiple session resistance lead to improved fasting serum insulin, HOMO-IR, HOMO-%B, HDL levels, and quadriceps size; it had no effect and plasma glucose or OGTT. Single session resistance decreased plasma glucose; increased VO2 max, heart rate, and respiratory quotient; had no impact on serum resistance. The stimulated cycling results were inconclusive. There are encouraging signs that muscle electrostimulation can mimic the effects of exercise both acutely and chronically.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/979.jpg)
| [1] | Iain Swan, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee Medical School Undergraduate Office, Dundee, U.K. |
| [2] | Zi Yi Tew, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee Medical School Undergraduate Office, Dundee, U.K. |
| [3] | John F Dillon, Gut Group, Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K.. |
| [4] | Rami J Abboud, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Tayside Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Technology (TORT) Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K.. |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to the metabolic syndrome, and affects up to 30% of the population of the western world, and this is expected to increase even further in the near future. Pharmacological therapy has proved ineffective while lifestyle interventions improve outcomes. Unfortunately many patients struggle to exercise, and therefore have poor outcomes. New techniques such as externally stimulating the muscle electronically using cheap and existing technology, are hoped to mimic resistance exercise and produce the same benefits. Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched throughout December 2015 by 2 reviewers independently. English articles with adult participants undergoing muscular electrical stimulation were included. Whereas studies with participants <18 years old, non-human studies, cell based studies, studies without controls, observational studies, sample size <5, and case studies or expert opinions were excluded. Changes in metabolic markers, physique, impact on NAFLD, and resemblance to exercise were recorded. 5994 articles were identified, and 10 met the inclusion criteria. These were split into multiple session resistance exercise, single session resistance exercise, and stimulated cycling groups. Multiple session resistance lead to improved fasting serum insulin, HOMO-IR, HOMO-%B, HDL levels, and quadriceps size; it had no effect and plasma glucose or OGTT. Single session resistance decreased plasma glucose; increased VO2 max, heart rate, and respiratory quotient; had no impact on serum resistance. The stimulated cycling results were inconclusive. There are encouraging signs that muscle electrostimulation can mimic the effects of exercise both acutely and chronically.
Keywords
NAFLD, NASH, Fatty Liver, Electrostimulation, Systematic Review
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