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AASCIT Journal of Environment

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Anomalous Occurrence of Cretaceous Placer Deposits: A Review

AASCIT Journal of Environment
Vol.2 , No. 1, Publication Date: Jun. 6, 2017, Page: 1-13

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Authors

[1]	Timothy Bata, Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K.; Department of Applied Geology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
[2]	John Parnell, Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K..
[3]	Nuhu K. Samaila, Department of Applied Geology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
[4]	Ahmed I. Haruna, Department of Applied Geology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.

Abstract

During the Cretaceous, the CO₂ content of the global atmosphere drastically increased in response to volcanism associated with the disintegration of the former continents. This increase in the global atmospheric CO₂ level subsequently led to a considerable rise in global temperatures. The interaction among the high levels of atmospheric CO₂, extreme global warmth, and humidity witnessed in the Cretaceous implies extreme environmental conditions, which involved a possibly more acidic and chemically destructive atmosphere than at present; these conditions are believed to have favoured widespread deep weathering at that time. Economically important minerals were reworked from their primary sources during these Cretaceous weathering events. The extreme global warmth witnessed in the Cretaceous also caused the melting of most of the polar ice caps, resulting in the expansion of the volume of Cretaceous seawaters, which subsequently led to a significant rise in the global sea level. Extensive palaeo-seaways played a vital role in transporting and depositing the huge volume of sediments generated during the Cretaceous weathering events, which included economically important minerals (e.g., gold, diamond, and platinum). These mineral deposits are now preserved in Cretaceous sands as placer deposits. Three categories of Cretaceous placer deposits can be distinguished: those occurring in Cretaceous sands resting unconformably on the Precambrian basement, those occurring in Cretaceous sands resting unconformably on the Palaeozoic rocks, and those occurring in Cretaceous sands that unconformably overlay Mesozoic strata.

Keywords

Palaeogeography, Cretaceous Greenhouse Climate, Placer Deposits, Gold, Diamond, Platinum

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