







Vol.1 , No. 1, Publication Date: Apr. 10, 2018, Page: 72-77
[1] | Po-Chi Kao, General Education Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Linkou Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. |
[2] | Philip Craigie, Independent Researcher, Melbourne, Australia. |
This study critically and systematically reviewed studies of previous researchers and scholars in the investigation of public-speaking anxiety in second/foreign languages in academic settings. In this review study, four factors contributing to why individuals experience public-speaking anxiety were identified. Two interrelated and interacted forms of communication-bond anxiety were pinpointed. Then the unwillingness to communicate or speech anxiety in a second/foreign classroom is illustrated. In the end, several causes of academic oral presentation anxiety were found. It is the authors’ hope that this review study could offer valuable discussion with important practical and theoretical importance to enhance the understanding of public-speaking anxiety using a second/foreign language in higher education.
Keywords
Public-Speaking Anxiety, Second/Foreign Language Anxiety, Communication Apprehension, Academic Oral Presentation Anxiety, ESL/EFL Education
Reference
[01] | Bodie, G. D. (2010). A racing heart, rattling knees, and ruminative thoughts: Defining, explaining, and treating public speaking anxiety. Communication Education, 59, 70-105. |
[02] | Horwitz, E. K., & Young, D. J. (Eds.). (1991). Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. |
[03] | Daly, J. A., Vangelisti, A. L., & Lawrence, S. G. (1988). Self-focused attention and public speaking anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 903-913. |
[04] | Jones, C. R., Fazio, R. H, & Vasey, M. V. (2012). Attentional control buffers the effect of public-speaking anxiety on performance. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3, 556-561. |
[05] | Chang, K. C. (2014). A study on the sources and coping strategies of anxiety about English academic oral presentations among Taiwanese EFL graduate students (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. |
[06] | Pertaub, D., Slater, M., & Barker, C. (2002). An experiment on public speaking anxiety in response to three different types of virtual audience. Presence Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 11, 68-78. |
[07] | Behnke, R. R., & Sawyer, C. R. (2004). Public speaking anxiety as a function of sensitization and habituation processes. Communication Education, 53, 164-173. |
[08] | Shearn, D., Bergman, E., Hill, K., Abel, A., & Hinds, L. (1992). Blushing as a function of audience size. Psychophysiology, 29, 431-436. |
[09] | Hilmert, C. J., Christenfeld, N., & Kulik, J. A. (2002). Audience status moderates the effects of social support and self-efficacy on cardiovascular reactivity during public speaking. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 122-131. |
[10] | MacIntyre, P. D., Thivierge, K. A., & MacDonald, J. R. (1997). The effects of audience interest, responsiveness, and evaluation on public speaking anxiety and related variables. Communication Research Reports, 14, 157-168. |
[11] | Lin, Y. Z. (2011). Public speaking anxiety as a function of anticipatory trait anxiety and gender differences — A case study in a junior high school in Taiwan (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. |
[12] | Woodrow, L. (2006). Anxiety and speaking English as a second language. RELC Journal, 37, 308-328. |
[13] | McCroskey, J. C. (1970). Special reports: Measures of communication-bound anxiety. Speech Monograph, 37, 269-277. |
[14] | Cheng, Y. S., Horwitz, E. K., & Schallert, D. L. (1999). Language anxiety: Differentiating writing and speaking components. Language Learning, 49, 417-446. |
[15] | Li, R. L. (2010). The relationship between speaking anxiety and speaking strategies among university students in Taiwan (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Ping Tung University, Ping Tung, Taiwan. |
[16] | Phillips, E. M. (1999). Decreasing language anxiety: Practical techniques for oral activities. In D. J. Young (Ed.), Affect in Foreign Language and Second Language Learning: A Practical Guide to Creating a Low-anxiety Classroom Atmosphere (pp. 124-143). Boston: McGraw-Hill College. |
[17] | Mak, B. (2011). An exploration of speaking-in-class anxiety with Chinese ESL learners. System, 39, 202-214. |
[18] | Liu, M., & Jackson, J. (2008). An exploration of Chinese EFL learners’ unwillingness to communicate and foreign language anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 92, 71-86. |
[19] | Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70, 125-132. |
[20] | MacIntyre, P. D., Noels, K. A., & Clement, R. (1997). Biases in self-ratings of Second language proficiency: The role of language anxiety. Language Learning, 47, 265-287. |
[21] | Young, D. J. (1986). The relationship between anxiety and foreign language oral proficiency ratings. Foreign Language Annuals, 19, 439-445. |
[22] | Young, D. J. (1990). An investigation of students’ perspectives on anxiety and speaking. Foreign Language Annals, 23, 539-553. |
[23] | Cheng, C. H. (2009). Language anxiety and English speaking proficiency (Unpublished master’s thesis). Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. |
[24] | Chou, Z. T. (2005). A study of foreign language learning anxiety, in-class activities, and instructors' behaviors in STUT (Unpublished master’s thesis). Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan. |
[25] | Wright, S. (2009). Junior high school students' responses to motivation and speaking anxiety in an English village environment (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. |
[26] | Yang, H. C. (2010). The relationship among native English instructors’ behaviors, university students’ foreign language anxiety and students’ self-determination (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Kang Ning, Tainan, Taiwan. |
[27] | Yeh, A. T. (2008). Learners’ anxiety and behaviors in a cooperative language learning classroom (Unpublished master’s thesis). Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. |
[28] | Kim, S. (2006). Academic oral communication needs of East Asian international graduate students in non-science and non-engineering fields. English for Specific Purposes, 25, 479-489. Kim, S. (2006). Academic oral communication needs of East Asian international graduate students in non-science and non-engineering fields. English for Specific Purposes, 25, 479-489. |
[29] | Chen, L. Y. (2009). A study of EFL graduate students’ oral presentation anxiety (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan. |
[30] | Tsai, C. F. (2013). A study of college students’ anxiety and emotional regulation on oral exams (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan. |