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Vol.3 , No. 2, Publication Date: Mar. 28, 2016, Page: 6-13
&description=<i>Monodora myristica</i> (fam. Annonaceae</i>) is one of the plants used in the treatment of malaria in Ibo-Nigeria alternative medicine. It has also been claimed to possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The <i>Monodora</i> plant is a perennial ornamental tree with a height of up to 30m high, dense foliage and spreading crown. It flowers from September to April at which time the new leaves appear. The fruits are produced between April and September. They are about 15cm in diameter, green, round, woody and are suspended in a long stalk. The pulp is white and contains numerous seeds of about 2.5cm long. Previous preliminary studies on the plant’s seed by the authors showed that the ethylacetate-soluble fraction of its methanolic extract possess significant and higher antimicrobial properties than the ethylacetate-insoluble fraction. The study was therefore designed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties and potential therapeutic applications of the the ethylacetate-soluble constituents of the plant’s seed. <i>Monodora myristica</i> seeds were sun-dried, milled and extracted by cold maceration with 95% methanol. This methanolic extract was further fractionated with ethylacetate to obtain an ethylacetate-soluble fraction and an ethylacetate-insoluble fraction. The constituents of the ethylacetate-soluble fraction were then isolated by PTLC using pre-coated alumina and silica gel GF<sub>254</sub> plates. Penicillin G, chloramphenicol and nystatin were used as controls for the evaluation. Solutions of the ethylacetate-soluble constituents together with solutions of the controls were standardized to 10mg/ml solution in dimethyl sulphoxide solutions. These standardized solutions of the extracts including the controls were then evaluated for antimicrobial activity against some gram-positive bacteria (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Staphyllococcus aureus</i>), gram-negative bacteria (<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruguosa</i>, <i>Salmonella typhi</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>), the yeast (<i>Candida albicans</i>) and the mould (<i>Aspergillus niger</i>) using the agar disk method. The results showed that the most active bands were bands 4/5, 9, 17 and 19. These bands showed significant antimicrobial activities mostly against <i>K. pneumonia</i>, and <i>E. coli</i>. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) showed that band 9 was the most potent against <i>K. pneumonia</i> while band 19 was most potent against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. The activity of these different PTLC bands of M. myristica seed lends credence to many of its uses in Ibo-Nigeria folkloric medicine.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/922.jpg)
| [1] | Ezeudo Ewuziem Nwaozuzu, Pharmacy Department, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Godwin Chukwu Ebi, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. |
Monodora myristica (fam. Annonaceae) is one of the plants used in the treatment of malaria in Ibo-Nigeria alternative medicine. It has also been claimed to possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The Monodora plant is a perennial ornamental tree with a height of up to 30m high, dense foliage and spreading crown. It flowers from September to April at which time the new leaves appear. The fruits are produced between April and September. They are about 15cm in diameter, green, round, woody and are suspended in a long stalk. The pulp is white and contains numerous seeds of about 2.5cm long. Previous preliminary studies on the plant’s seed by the authors showed that the ethylacetate-soluble fraction of its methanolic extract possess significant and higher antimicrobial properties than the ethylacetate-insoluble fraction. The study was therefore designed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties and potential therapeutic applications of the the ethylacetate-soluble constituents of the plant’s seed. Monodora myristica seeds were sun-dried, milled and extracted by cold maceration with 95% methanol. This methanolic extract was further fractionated with ethylacetate to obtain an ethylacetate-soluble fraction and an ethylacetate-insoluble fraction. The constituents of the ethylacetate-soluble fraction were then isolated by PTLC using pre-coated alumina and silica gel GF254 plates. Penicillin G, chloramphenicol and nystatin were used as controls for the evaluation. Solutions of the ethylacetate-soluble constituents together with solutions of the controls were standardized to 10mg/ml solution in dimethyl sulphoxide solutions. These standardized solutions of the extracts including the controls were then evaluated for antimicrobial activity against some gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphyllococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruguosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli), the yeast (Candida albicans) and the mould (Aspergillus niger) using the agar disk method. The results showed that the most active bands were bands 4/5, 9, 17 and 19. These bands showed significant antimicrobial activities mostly against K. pneumonia, and E. coli. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) showed that band 9 was the most potent against K. pneumonia while band 19 was most potent against P. aeruginosa. The activity of these different PTLC bands of M. myristica seed lends credence to many of its uses in Ibo-Nigeria folkloric medicine.
Keywords
Monodora myristica, Antimicrobial Properties, Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC), Ethylacetate Fractions, Ibo-Nigeria Folkloric Medicine
Reference
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