







Vol.1 , No. 2, Publication Date: Jul. 7, 2014, Page: 18-25
[1] | Michel Farid Khouri, Department of Civil Engineering, Branch II, Lebanese University, Roumieh, Lebanon. |
[2] | Wassim Joseph Elias, Faculty of Engineering, Branch II, Research Engineer at Optimal Engineering Consulting & Contracting, Lebanese University. |
The latest research on determining maximum allowable displacements at the top of a shear wall (or maximum Drift) has contributed considerably to the improvement of concrete structures. Aiming at limiting maximum displacement, various investigators and seismic codes use values ranging from H/50 to H/2000, (H=building height). Difference shows considerable uncertainty in these limits. This article evaluates maximum allowable drift and provides general formulae for constant and variable stiffness shear walls by using FEM along with structural dynamics and reinforced concrete design considering cracked shear wall sections suggested by UBC and ACI. A comparison is made with various codes.
Keywords
Reinforced Concrete Structures, Shear Walls, Maximum Allowable Drift, Constant and Variable Stiffness, Maximum Strain Limits, Lateral and Vertical Contribution
Reference
[01] | “Uniform Building Code”, by International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, California, 1997. |
[02] | “International Building Code”, IBC-2006 Edition, Published by the International Code Council, INC., 2006. |
[03] | “Règle de Construction Parasismique”, Règle PS applicables aux bâtiments – PS 92 Normes NF P 06-013, 1992. |
[04] | “Standards for Seismic Civil Engineering Construction in Japan”, Earthquake Resistant Regulations for Building Structures in Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 1980. |
[05] | “Lebanese Code”, General Seismic Design Guidelines and Regulations, Beirut, Lebanon, 1997. |
[06] | Mark Fintel, “Handbook of Concrete Engineering”, Published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 2nd edition, New York, 1985. |
[07] | “New Zeland Standard NZS 4203”, General Structural Design and Design Loading for Buildings, Daft DZ 4203, Standards Association of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand, 1992. |
[08] | “Règles Parasismiques Algériennes”, RPA-88, Regulation of Algerian Seismic Code, Publication OPU, Algiers, Algeria, 1988. |
[09] | Gary Searer, “Poorly Worded, Ill-Conceived, and Unnecessary Code Provisions”, 2006 Annual Meeting of the Los Angeles Tall Building Structural Design Council, pp. 72-85, Los Angeles, 2006. |
[10] | Khouri, M. F., “Drift Limitations in a Shear Wall Considering a Cracked Section,” International Journal of Reliability and Safety of Engineering Systems and Structures, 1 (1) 2011, pp. 31–38. |
[11] | Khouri, M.F., “Evaluating the maximum allowable drift in a Shear Wall with Variable Stiffness,” Romanian Journal of Acoustics and Vibrations, Volume VII, Issue I, pp. 3-9, Romania, 2010. |
[12] | Khouri, M. F. “Estimation of the Maximum Allowable Drift at the Top of a Shear Wall (within Elastic Limits),” Presented and Published in Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures International Conference, (ERES), pp.115-126, Cyprus 2009. |
[13] | Bathe K.J., “Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis”, Pentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1982. |
[14] | Craig, Roy, “Structural Dynamics- An Introduction to Computer Methods”, John Wiley and Sons, 1981. |
[15] | Arthur Nilson and George Winter, “Design of Concrete Structures”, Mc-Graw Hill International, 11th Edition, New York, 1991. |
[16] | Mark Fintel, “Handbook of Concrete Engineering”, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1985. |