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Vol.1 , No. 1, Publication Date: Aug. 14, 2014, Page: 1-8
 worldwide. Chlamydia primarily infects the urogenital tract. In men the infections are usually symptomatic versus in women whereby the infections are usually asymptomatic causing severe complications including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy and infertility. We tested the hypothesis that intrinsic adjuvant properties of Vibrio cholerae ghosts (VCG) induce an enhanced immune response to infections. The human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1, has been established as a useful tool for studying the role of monocytes in the human immune response (1) and for their phagocytosis capacity (2). THP-1 monocytes (Mn) or macrophages (MФ) were pulsed with VCG with or without interleukin (IL)-10 for 24 hours. IL-10 inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) translocation into the nucleus by blocking inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) kinase activity (3). IL-10 also inhibits NF-κB already found in the nucleus blocking DNA-binding (4) and gene transcription (5). After stimulation, cellular supernatants were assayed for Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion. Mn secretion of Th1cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) was greater (2200.0 pg/mL) than when cells were primed with IL-10 (1356.0 pg/mL) or secretion by macrophages (1917.0 pg/mL). We concluded that this secretion was significant enough to compliment that which would be secreted when THP-1 Mn or Mϕ are pulsed with Chlamydia elementary bodies alone (6), enhancing the innate immune response during infection. Cellular supernatants containing Th1or Th2 cytokines were also used to culture Chlamydia-infected HeLa cells. Cell viability against the secretory factors contained in the supernatant was measured to determine the effects of the secretory factors on the Chlamydia-infected HeLa cells. Cells infected with serovar F and cultured in VCG-pulsed THP-1 Mϕ soup were only 8.7% viable after 8 h. This suggests that the immune factors elicited by the VCG signaling pathway are toxic to Chlamydia-infected HeLa cells.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/919.jpg)
| [1] | M. Stevens, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States. |
| [2] | D. McKeithen, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States. |
| [3] | O-R Martinez, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States. |
| [4] | J. U. Igietseme, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States. |
| [5] | C. Black, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States. |
| [6] | Q. He, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States. |
| [7] | G. A. Ananaba, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States. |
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligatory intracellular human pathogen responsible for the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. Chlamydia primarily infects the urogenital tract. In men the infections are usually symptomatic versus in women whereby the infections are usually asymptomatic causing severe complications including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy and infertility. We tested the hypothesis that intrinsic adjuvant properties of Vibrio cholerae ghosts (VCG) induce an enhanced immune response to infections. The human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1, has been established as a useful tool for studying the role of monocytes in the human immune response (1) and for their phagocytosis capacity (2). THP-1 monocytes (Mn) or macrophages (MФ) were pulsed with VCG with or without interleukin (IL)-10 for 24 hours. IL-10 inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) translocation into the nucleus by blocking inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) kinase activity (3). IL-10 also inhibits NF-κB already found in the nucleus blocking DNA-binding (4) and gene transcription (5). After stimulation, cellular supernatants were assayed for Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion. Mn secretion of Th1cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) was greater (2200.0 pg/mL) than when cells were primed with IL-10 (1356.0 pg/mL) or secretion by macrophages (1917.0 pg/mL). We concluded that this secretion was significant enough to compliment that which would be secreted when THP-1 Mn or Mϕ are pulsed with Chlamydia elementary bodies alone (6), enhancing the innate immune response during infection. Cellular supernatants containing Th1or Th2 cytokines were also used to culture Chlamydia-infected HeLa cells. Cell viability against the secretory factors contained in the supernatant was measured to determine the effects of the secretory factors on the Chlamydia-infected HeLa cells. Cells infected with serovar F and cultured in VCG-pulsed THP-1 Mϕ soup were only 8.7% viable after 8 h. This suggests that the immune factors elicited by the VCG signaling pathway are toxic to Chlamydia-infected HeLa cells.
Keywords
Chlamydia trachomatis, Bacterial Ghosts, Adjuvant, Monocytes, Macrophages, T Helper Cytokines
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