






Vol.4 , No. 6, Publication Date: Dec. 5, 2017, Page: 96-100
[1] | David Palmer, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. |
In recent years there has been increasing recognition that a student’s motivation for learning is not a long-term predisposition, but rather it can vary at different times and in different contexts. Thus, motivation can be regarded as a dynamic phenomenon that is sensitive to personal and environmental influences. At the present time however, there is no consensus about what processes would be involved in a dynamic system of motivation. In this paper, it will be argued that the personal and contextual influences can be interpreted as a motivational ecology, and appraisal of the motivational ecology determines the level of motivation at different times and in different situations.
Keywords
Self-Efficacy, Individual Interest, Achievement Goals, Intrinsic Motivation
Reference
[01] | Ainley, M. (2012). Students’ interest and engagement in classroom activities. In S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie (Eds.), Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 283-302). New York, NY: Springer. |
[02] | Ainley, M., Hidi, S., & Berndorff, D. (2002). Interest, learning, and the psychological processes that mediate their relationship. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 545-561. doi: 10.1037//0022-0663.94.3.545 |
[03] | Anthony, K. V. (2009). Educational counter culture: Motivations, instructional approaches, curriculum choices, and challenges of home school families (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Educational Resources Information Center. (ED510042) |
[04] | Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman and Co. |
[05] | Blom, S., & Severiens, S. (2008). Engagement in self-regulated deep learning of successful immigrant and non-immigrant students in inner city schools. European Journal of Psychology of Education, XXIII, 41-58. |
[06] | Boekaerts, M., & Cascallar, E. (2006). How far have we moved toward the integration of theory and practice in self-regulation? Educational Psychology Review, 18, 199-210. doi: 10.1007/s10648-006-9013-4 |
[07] | Boulton, M. J., Trueman, M., & Murray, L. (2008). Associations between peer victimization, fear of future victimization and disrupted concentration on class work among junior school pupils. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 78, 473-489. |
[08] | Braten, I., Samuelstuen, M. S., & Stromso, H. I. (2004). Do students’ self-efficacy beliefs moderate the effects of performance goals on self-regulatory strategy use? Educational Psychology, 24, 231-247. |
[09] | Buluş, M (2011). Goal orientations, locus of control and academic achievement in prospective teachers: An individual differences perspective. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 11, 540-546. |
[10] | Durik, A. M., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2007). Different strokes for different folks: How individual interest moderates the effects of situational factors on task interest. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 597-610. |
[11] | Gao, Z., Lodewyk, K. R., & Zhang, T. (2009). The role of ability beliefs and incentives in middle school students’ intention, cardiovascular fitness and effort. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 28, 3-20. |
[12] | Graham, J., Tisher, R., Ainley, M., & Kennedy, G. (2008). Staying with the text: The contribution of gender, achievement orientations, and interest to students' performance on a literacy task. Educational Psychology, 28, 757-776. |
[13] | Hidi, S., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2000). Motivating the academically unmotivated: A critical issue for the 21st Century. Review of Educational Research, 70, 151-179. |
[14] | Kaufman, A, & Dodge, T. (2009). Student perceptions and motivation in the classroom: Exploring relatedness and value. Social Psychology of Education, 12, 101–112. doi: 10.1007/s11218-008-9070-2 |
[15] | Kek, M., & Huijser, H. (2011). Exploring the combined relationships of student and teacher factors on learning approaches and self-directed learning readiness at a Malaysian university. Studies in Higher Education, 36, 185-208. doi: 10.1080/03075070903519210 |
[16] | Maehr, M. L., & Zusho, A. (2009). Achievement goal theory: The past, present, and future. In K. Wentzel & A. Wigfield (Eds.), Handbook of motivation in school (pp. 77-104). New York, NY: Routledge. |
[17] | Mainhard M. T., Brekelmans M., den Brok P., & Wubbels T. (2011). The development of the classroom social climate during the first months of the school year. Contemporary Educational Psychology 36, 190–200. |
[18] | Menna-Barreto, L., & Wey, D. (2008). Time constraints in the school environment: What does a sleepy student tell us? Mind, Brain, and Education, 2, 24-28. |
[19] | Niemiec, C. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the classroom: Applying self-determination theory to educational practice. Theory and Research in Education, 7, 133-144. doi: 10.1177/1477878509104318 |
[20] | Op ‘t Eynde, P., & Turner, J. E. (2006). Focusing on the complexity of emotion issues in academic learning: A dynamical component systems approach. Educational Psychology Review, 18, 361-376. doi: 10.1007/s10648-006-9031-2 |
[21] | Palmer, D. H. (2009). Student interest generated during an inquiry skills lesson. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 46, 147-165. |
[22] | Patrick, H., Ryan, A. M., & Kaplan, A. (2007). Early adolescents' perceptions of the classroom social environment, motivational beliefs, and engagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 83-98. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.99.1.83 |
[23] | Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (2002). Motivation in education: Theory, research and applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. |
[24] | Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (1998). Attention, self-regulation and consciousness. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 353, 1915–1927. |
[25] | Renninger, K. A., & Hidi, S. (2011). Revisiting the conceptualization, measurement and generation of interest. Educational Psychologist, 46, 168-184. |
[26] | Rueda, M. R., Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2005). The development of executive attention: Contributions to the emergence of self-regulation. Developmental Neuropsychology, 28, 573-594. |
[27] | Schraw, G., Wadkins, T., & Olafson, L. (2007). Doing the things we do: A grounded theory of academic procrastination. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 12-25. |
[28] | Schunk, D. H. (2004). Learning theories: An educational perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. |
[29] | Shell, D. F., & Husman, J. (2008). Control, motivation, affect, and strategic self-regulation in the college classroom: A multidimensional phenomenon. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100 (2), 443-459. |
[30] | Sungur, S. (2007). Modeling the relationships among students’ motivational beliefs, metacognitive strategy use, and effort regulation. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 51, 315-326. |
[31] | Turner, J. C., & Patrick, H. (2008). How does motivation develop and why does it change? Reframing motivation research. Educational Psychologist, 43, 119-131. doi: 10.1080/00461520802178441 |
[32] | Vekiri, I. (2010). Boys’ and girls’ ICT beliefs: Do teachers matter? Computers & Education, 55, 16-23. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2009.11.013 |
[33] | Yordanova, J., Albrecht, B., Uebel, H., Kirov, R., Banaschewski, T., Rothenberger, A., & Kolev, V. (2011). Independent oscillatory patterns determine performance fluctuations in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain, 134, 1740-1750. doi: 10.1093/brain/awr107 |
[34] | Young, M. S., Robinson, S., & Alberts, P. (2009). Students pay attention! Combating the vigilance decrement to improve learning during lectures. Active Learning in Higher Education, 10, 41-55. doi: 10.1177/1469787408100194. |