






Vol.5 , No. 1, Publication Date: Dec. 27, 2017, Page: 1-10
[1] | Dorothy Dixon, Department of Educational Leadership, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, USA. |
[2] | John R. Slate, Department of Educational Leadership, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, USA. |
[3] | George Moore, Department of Educational Leadership, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, USA. |
[4] | Wally Barnes, Department of Educational Leadership, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, USA. |
[5] | Robert D. Young Jr., Department of Educational Leadership, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, USA. |
In this study, the degree to which differences were present in first semester GPAs by dual credit enrollment status for Texas community college students were examined for the 2012-2013 through the 2014-2015 academic years. Inferential statistical analyses revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in first semester GPAs for all students, separately by gender, and then by ethnicity/race (i.e., Asian, White, Hispanic, and Black). In all instances, students who completed a dual credit course while enrolled in high school earned statistically significantly higher average first semester GPAs in community college than did students who did not complete a dual credit course while enrolled in high school. Implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.
Keywords
Dual Credit, Texas Community College, First Semester GPAs, Asian, White, Hispanic, Black, Gender
Reference
[01] | Barrow, L., Brock, T., & Rouse, C. E. (2013). Postsecondary education in the United States: Introducing the issue. The Future of Children, 23, 3-16. |
[02] | National Conference of State Legislatures. (2016). Post-secondary education. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/post-secondary-education-overview.aspx |
[03] | Bureau of Labor Statistics website. (2016). Employment projections. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htm |
[04] | Sepanik, S. (2012). Getting ready for success: Bridging the gap between high school and college in Tacoma, Washington. MDRC (Prepared for the 2012 National Center for Postsecondary Research Conference). Retrieved from http://www.mdrc.org/project/getting-ready-success-pilot-program#overview |
[05] | Carnevale, A. P., Smith, N., & Strohl, J. (2013). Recovery: Job growth and education requirements through 2020. Georgetown Public Policy Institute: Center on Education and the Workforce. 1-14. Retrieved from https://cew.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Recovery2020.FR_.Web_.pdf |
[06] | Carnevale, A. P., Smith, N., & Strohl, J. (2010). Help wanted: Projections of jobs and education requirements through 2018. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Center on the Workforce. Retrieved from: https://cew.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/fullreport.pdf |
[07] | Abraham, R. A., Slate, J. R., Saxon, D. P., & Barnes, W. (2014a). Math readiness of Texas community college developmental education students: A multiyear statewide analysis. Community College Enterprise, 20 (2), 25-44. |
[08] | Arnold, K. D., Lu, E. C., & Armstrong, K. J. (2012). The case for a comprehensive model of college readiness. ASHE Higher Education Report, 38 (5), 1-10. doi: 10.1002/aeche.20005. |
[09] | Iloh, C., & Toldson, I. A. (2013). Black students in 21st century higher education: A closer look at for-profit and community colleges (Editor's Commentary). The Journal of Negro Education, 82, 205-212. |
[10] | U. S. News & World Report. (2016). ACT scores show many grads not ready for college-level work. Retrieved from http://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2016-08-24/bigger-numbers-of-high-school-grads-taking-act-college-test |
[11] | Royster, P., Gross, J., & Hochbein, C. (2015). Timing is everything: Getting students back on track to college readiness in high school. The High School Journal, 98 (3), 208-225. doi: 10.1353/hsj.2015.0005. |
[12] | Allen, D., & Dadgar, M. (2012). Does dual enrollment increase students’ success in college? Evidence from a quasi-experimental analysis of dual enrollment in New York City. New Directions for Higher Education, 2012 (158), 11-20. doi: 10.1002/he.20010. |
[13] | Barnes, W., Slate, J. R., & Rojas-LeBouef, A. (2010). College-readiness and academic preparedness: The same concepts? Current Issues in Education, 13 (4). Retrieved from http://cie.asu.edu/ |
[14] | Ganzert, B. (2014). Dual enrollment credit and college readiness. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 38, 783-793. doi: 10.1080/10668926.2012.719483. |
[15] | James, D., Lefkowits, L., & Hoffman, R. (2016). Dual enrollment: A pathway to college and career readiness. Learning Environment. Retrieved from http://www.advanc-ed.org/source/dual-enrollment-pathway-college-and-career-readiness |
[16] | Barnes, W., & Slate, J. R. (2013). College-readiness is not one-size-fits-all. Current Issues in Education, 16 (1), 1-11. Retrieved from http://cie.asu.edu/ojs/index.php/cieatasu/article/view/1070 |
[17] | Barnes, W., & Slate, J. R. (2014). College-readiness rates in Texas: A statewide, multiyear study of ethnic differences. Education and Urban Society, 46 (1), 59-87. doi: 10.1177/0013124511423775. |
[18] | ACT. (2007). Rigor at risk: Reaffirming quality in high school core curriculum. Iowa City, IA: Author. |
[19] | Barefoot, B. O. (2008). College transitions: The other side of the story. New Directions for Higher Education, 144, 89-92. doi: 10.1002/he.329. |
[20] | Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How college affects students, Vol. 2: A third decade of research. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. |
[21] | Tinto, V. (2007). Research and practice of student retention: What’s next? Journal of College Student Retention, 8, 1-19. |
[22] | Moore, G. W., Slate, J. R., Edmonson, S., Combs, J. P., Bustamante, R., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2010). High school students and their lack of preparedness for college: A statewide study. Education and Urban Society, 42, 817-838. doi: 10.1177/0013124510379619. |
[23] | Chapa, M., Galvan-De Leon, V., Solis, J., & Mundy, M. (2014). College readiness. Research in Higher Education Journal, 25, 1-5. |
[24] | Young, R. D., Jr., Slate, J. R., Moore, G. W., & Barnes, W. (2014). Dual credit programs: A conceptual analysis of the literature. Journal of Education Research, 8 (1-2), 79-106. |
[25] | Young, R. D., Jr., Slate, J. R., Moore, G. W., & Barnes, W. (2014). Dual credit and non-dual credit college students: differences in GPAs after the second semester. Journal of Education and Human Development, 3 (2), 203-230. |
[26] | Hughes, K., Rodriguez, O., Edwards, L., & Belfield, C. (2012). Broadening the benefits of dual enrollment: Reaching underachieving and underrepresented students with career-focused program. San Francisco, CA: Community College Research Center. |
[27] | Bailey, T. R., Hughes, K. L., & Karp, M. (2002). What role can dual enrollment programs play in easing the transition between high school and postsecondary education? Washington, DC: Preparing for America’s Future: The High School Symposium. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED465090). |
[28] | Karp, M. M. (2012). "I don't know, I've never been to college!" Dual enrollment as a college readiness Strategy. New Directions for Higher Education, 158, 21-28. |
[29] | Gewertz, C. (2016) Are dual-enrollment programs overpromising? Education Week, 26. |
[30] | Morrison, M. C. (2008). The benefits of acceleration: Graduation advantages. Mason City, IA: North Iowa Area Community College. (ED505283). |
[31] | Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board. (2016). Dual credit – Frequently asked questions. Retrieved from http://www.thecb.state.tx.us/index.cfm?objectid=E9397599-AFE9-CC3F-B6F9BF619AAEDA2E |
[32] | Anderson, J. J. (2010). An investigation of student perceptions of dual enrollment at a mid-sized western community college (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. (3488917). |
[33] | Hughes, K. L. (2010). Dual enrollment: Postsecondary/secondary partnerships to prepare students. Journal of College Science Teaching, 39 (6), 12-13. |
[34] | Zeidenberg, M., & Bailey, T. (2009, June). Human resource development and career and technical education in American community colleges. Paper presented at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Human Resources Development Group Meeting, Chicago, IL. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED509712). |
[35] | Robinson, R. L. (2011). Dual enrollment: Breaking the mold for college readiness and persistence in an urban charter school (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. (3497893). |
[36] | An, B. (2012). The influence of dual enrollment on academic performance and college readiness: Differences by socioeconomic status. Research in Higher Education, 54, 407-432. doi: 10.1007/s11162-012-9278-z. |
[37] | Young, R. D., Jr., Joyner, S. A., & Slate, J. R. (2013). Grade point average differences between dual and nondual credit college students [Electronic version]. Urban Studies Research, 2013, 1-6. doi: 10.1155/2013/638417. |
[38] | Fike, D. S., & Fike, R. (2012). The consequences of delayed enrollment in developmental mathematics. Journal of Developmental Education, 35 (3), 2-10. |
[39] | Kim, J. (2012). Data-informed practices in an urban dual enrollment program. New Directions for Higher Education, 2012 (158), 49-57. |
[40] | O’Connor, K. B., & Justice, M. C. (2008). Evaluating dual credit enrollment at selected rural northeast Texas high school. Southeastern Teacher Education Journal, 1, 27-34. |
[41] | U. S. Department of Education. (2011). Meeting President Obama’s 2020 College Completion Goal. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved from https://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/meeting-president-obamas-2020-college-completion-goal |
[42] | Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2012). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. |
[43] | Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Daniel, L. G. (2002). Uses and misuses of the correlation coefficient. Research in the Schools, 9, 73-90. |
[44] | Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. |