ISSN: 2375-3854
International Journal of Ecological Science and Environmental Engineering  
Manuscript Information
 
 
Assessment of Borehole Water Quality Consumed in Otukpo and Its Environs
International Journal of Ecological Science and Environmental Engineering
Vol.5 , No. 3, Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2018, Page: 71-78
1025 Views Since August 10, 2018, 853 Downloads Since Aug. 10, 2018
 
 
Authors
 
[1]    

Odoh Raphael, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria.

[2]    

Oko Odiba John, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria.

[3]    

Udegbunam Ifeoma Sandra, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria.

[4]    

Archibong Christopher Sunday, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria.

 
Abstract
 

The research was carried out to evaluate physico – chemicals, elemental and microbial contamination of some borehole water in some area of Otukpo. The physico – chemical parameters determined included; temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, total hardness, and phosphate using conventional equipment and standard laboratory procedures and concentration of the elements “Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn” were quantified with the aid of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), bacterial analyses were carried out and characterized using standard methods. The results found that physical parameters tested such as turbidity, pH, TDS, conductivity, and colour did not indicate any reason for concern. All the physico – chemical parameters remained almost constant with little variations over time. Concentration of the elements (mg/L) ranged from 9.30 – 48.44, 2.14- 17.99, 1.39 – 11.99, 1.24 – 7.43, 0.24 – 0.98, 0.70 – 0.89, 0.02 – 0.09, and 0.24 – 0.98 for Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn respectively, and generally varied in the order of Ca > Mg > K > Na > Zn > Na > Mn > Fe > Cu in all the borehole water analysis. Concentrations of elements determined in the water samples were not significantly (P ≥ 0.05) different. The most probable number varied between 15 - 17 cfu/100 mL. The highest total coliform count value (17 cfu/100 mL) was recorded at Oweto in Otukpo town. E. coli, Samonella and Clostridium perfringes were not detected in any of the borehole water. Cadmium and lead were not detected in any of the water samples from boreholes in the study sites. Minerals and trace elements determined were within the WHO acceptable standard for drinking water. Low risk may be associated with the consumption of water from the boreholes. Continuous monitoring, however, is advisable to avert any unprecedented health hazard.


Keywords
 

Assessment, Borehole Water, Microbial, Mineral Elements, Trace Metals, Physico-chemical Parameters, WHO Standards


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