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Vol.2 , No. 4, Publication Date: Aug. 7, 2015, Page: 30-34
 and Bullfrog (Pyxicephalus edulis) from River Challawa Kano State Nigeria&description=Contaminants in the form of heavy metals, such as cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, iron and zinc were evaluated in sample of fish (Tilapia Zilli) and African bullfrog (Pyxicephalus Edulis) from different sampling stations A (upstream) and B (downstream) of Challawa river, located in Kumbotso local government area of Kano state, Nigeria. Surface water and effluent discharged into the river from industries were also analyzed for these heavy metals analysis using a atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results obtained indicate that the concentration of these metals in each sample species increased in this order Fe>Cu>Zn>Cr>Pb>Cd. Iron (Fe) was the highest recorded heavy metal concentration in all samples analyzed while cadmium (Cd) manifested the lowest concentration. Heavy metals concentration determined from surface water in the upstream and downstream (sampling points) is found to increase in the following order Fe>Zn>Cr>Cd>Cu>Pb. The concentration of copper, cadmium, chromium and iron from T. Zilli and P.edulis from sampling point B exceeded the limits stipulated by W.H.O/F.A.O and F.E.P.A while lead and zinc were within the limits set by these regulatory bodies except in for zinc which was above the limit in P.edulis. Heavy metals concentration was within the limits for both samples in sampling point A except for chromium and iron, which were above the maximum permissible limits. The surface water and effluents samples were generally above the standard set by federal ministry of environment of Nigeria. The bioaccumulation factor obtained from the result show that copper had the highest bioaccumulation factor (B.A.F.) in T.zilli and P.edulis from all sampling stations, while cadmium had the lowest B.A.F. The observed level of heavy metals shows that Challawa is contaminated with heavy metals which source can obviously attributed to the effluent being discharged to the river from Challawa industrial estate. These heavy metals may be toxic to the aquatic animals (as seen from the observed level in both T.zilli and P.edulis) and also to humans when these species are consumed.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/904.jpg)
| [1] | Putshaka J. D., Nigeria Institute of leather and science technology, Kano extension centre, Zawaciki, Kano state, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Akyengo O., Nigeria Institute of leather and science technology, Kano extension centre, Zawaciki, Kano state, Nigeria. |
| [3] | Yakubu A., Nigeria Institute of leather and science technology, Kano extension centre, Zawaciki, Kano state, Nigeria. |
| [4] | Adejube A. A. H., Nigeria Institute of leather and science technology, Kano extension centre, Zawaciki, Kano state, Nigeria. |
Contaminants in the form of heavy metals, such as cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, iron and zinc were evaluated in sample of fish (Tilapia Zilli) and African bullfrog (Pyxicephalus Edulis) from different sampling stations A (upstream) and B (downstream) of Challawa river, located in Kumbotso local government area of Kano state, Nigeria. Surface water and effluent discharged into the river from industries were also analyzed for these heavy metals analysis using a atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results obtained indicate that the concentration of these metals in each sample species increased in this order Fe>Cu>Zn>Cr>Pb>Cd. Iron (Fe) was the highest recorded heavy metal concentration in all samples analyzed while cadmium (Cd) manifested the lowest concentration. Heavy metals concentration determined from surface water in the upstream and downstream (sampling points) is found to increase in the following order Fe>Zn>Cr>Cd>Cu>Pb. The concentration of copper, cadmium, chromium and iron from T. Zilli and P.edulis from sampling point B exceeded the limits stipulated by W.H.O/F.A.O and F.E.P.A while lead and zinc were within the limits set by these regulatory bodies except in for zinc which was above the limit in P.edulis. Heavy metals concentration was within the limits for both samples in sampling point A except for chromium and iron, which were above the maximum permissible limits. The surface water and effluents samples were generally above the standard set by federal ministry of environment of Nigeria. The bioaccumulation factor obtained from the result show that copper had the highest bioaccumulation factor (B.A.F.) in T.zilli and P.edulis from all sampling stations, while cadmium had the lowest B.A.F. The observed level of heavy metals shows that Challawa is contaminated with heavy metals which source can obviously attributed to the effluent being discharged to the river from Challawa industrial estate. These heavy metals may be toxic to the aquatic animals (as seen from the observed level in both T.zilli and P.edulis) and also to humans when these species are consumed.
Keywords
Effluent, Bioaccumulation, Heavy Metals, Contaminants and Physicochemical
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