ISSN: 2375-3854
International Journal of Ecological Science and Environmental Engineering  
Manuscript Information
 
 
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Fish (Tilapia zilli) and Bullfrog (Pyxicephalus edulis) from River Challawa Kano State Nigeria
International Journal of Ecological Science and Environmental Engineering
Vol.2 , No. 4, Publication Date: Aug. 7, 2015, Page: 30-34
1411 Views Since August 7, 2015, 1000 Downloads Since Aug. 7, 2015
 
 
Authors
 
[1]    

Putshaka J. D., Nigeria Institute of leather and science technology, Kano extension centre, Zawaciki, Kano state, Nigeria.

[2]    

Akyengo O., Nigeria Institute of leather and science technology, Kano extension centre, Zawaciki, Kano state, Nigeria.

[3]    

Yakubu A., Nigeria Institute of leather and science technology, Kano extension centre, Zawaciki, Kano state, Nigeria.

[4]    

Adejube A. A. H., Nigeria Institute of leather and science technology, Kano extension centre, Zawaciki, Kano state, Nigeria.

 
Abstract
 

Contaminants in the form of heavy metals, such as cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, iron and zinc were evaluated in sample of fish (Tilapia Zilli) and African bullfrog (Pyxicephalus Edulis) from different sampling stations A (upstream) and B (downstream) of Challawa river, located in Kumbotso local government area of Kano state, Nigeria. Surface water and effluent discharged into the river from industries were also analyzed for these heavy metals analysis using a atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results obtained indicate that the concentration of these metals in each sample species increased in this order Fe>Cu>Zn>Cr>Pb>Cd. Iron (Fe) was the highest recorded heavy metal concentration in all samples analyzed while cadmium (Cd) manifested the lowest concentration. Heavy metals concentration determined from surface water in the upstream and downstream (sampling points) is found to increase in the following order Fe>Zn>Cr>Cd>Cu>Pb. The concentration of copper, cadmium, chromium and iron from T. Zilli and P.edulis from sampling point B exceeded the limits stipulated by W.H.O/F.A.O and F.E.P.A while lead and zinc were within the limits set by these regulatory bodies except in for zinc which was above the limit in P.edulis. Heavy metals concentration was within the limits for both samples in sampling point A except for chromium and iron, which were above the maximum permissible limits. The surface water and effluents samples were generally above the standard set by federal ministry of environment of Nigeria. The bioaccumulation factor obtained from the result show that copper had the highest bioaccumulation factor (B.A.F.) in T.zilli and P.edulis from all sampling stations, while cadmium had the lowest B.A.F. The observed level of heavy metals shows that Challawa is contaminated with heavy metals which source can obviously attributed to the effluent being discharged to the river from Challawa industrial estate. These heavy metals may be toxic to the aquatic animals (as seen from the observed level in both T.zilli and P.edulis) and also to humans when these species are consumed.


Keywords
 

Effluent, Bioaccumulation, Heavy Metals, Contaminants and Physicochemical


Reference
 
[01]    

Canli M, Ay O, Kalay M. (1998). Levels of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr and Ni) of cuprinus carpio, Barbus Capito and Choucho strome regium from the Seyhan River, Turkey, tubitak. Turk J zoology, 22:P149-157.

[02]    

Douben P.E.T. (1989) Uptake and Elimination of waterborne cadmium by the fish (Noemachailus barbatulus) (Stone loach). Arch. Environ. Contain Toxico 1(18):P576-586

[03]    

Enuneku, A., Ezemonye, L.I. and Adibeli, F. (2003). Heavy metal concentration in surface water and bioaccumulation in fish (clarias gariepinus) of river own, Edo State, Nigeria. European International Journal of Science and Technology. 2(7) P: 31-39.

[04]    

Ezemonye L.I.N and Enuneku A (2005). Evaluation of a acute toxicity of cadmium and lead to Amphibian Tadpole (Toad: Bufamaculates and frog: Ptychandena bibioni). Journal of Aquatic Science, 20(1): P33-36

[05]    

FAO/WHO (1984) list of maximum levels recommended for contaminants by the joint FAO/WHO codex Alimentarius commission, second series CAC/FAL. (3): P.1-8.

[06]    

Federal Environmental Protection Agency (F.E.P.A) (2003) Guidelines and standards for environmental pollution control in Nigeria. 234

[07]    

Gohil M.N. and Mankodi; P.C., (2013) Diversity of fish Fauna from Downstream Zone of River Mahisagar, Gijarat states, India. Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and fishery science. 2(3) P: 14-15.

[08]    

Gupta V., (2013), Mammalian Feces as Bio – indicator of heavy metal contamination in Bikaner Zoological Garden Rajasthan, India. Res. J. animal, veterinary and Fishery Science ICS:P10-15

[09]    

Horwitz R.J., Ruppel, B., Wisniewski, S, Kiry P, Hermanson, M., and Gilmour, C., (1995) Mercury concentrations in freshwater fishes in New Jersey. Water Air Soil Pollut. 80. P: 885-888.

[10]    

Jezierska, B., and Witeska M., (2001) Metal toxicity to fish, Wydammictwo Academic Podlaskiej Siedle P.318-324

[11]    

Kotze, P.Du, Preez, H.H AND Van Vuren, J.H.J (1999) Bioaccumulation of copper and zinc in oreochromis mossambicus and clarias gariepinus from olitants River, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Water S.A .25(1):P.99-110.

[12]    

Kucuksegin, F.A., Kontas O., Altay, E and Uluturhan, D.E. (2006). Assessment of marine Pollution in Izmir Bay, Nutrient actions, Environ. Int., 32.P:41-51.

[13]    

Lenntech B.V. (2012) heavy metal online available from http://www.lenntech.co/periodic.periodic-chart.htm

[14]    

Mayuri R.W., (2002). Effects of aquatic pollutants on fish and amphibians: Environmental toxicant and their effects on species and ecosystems (supplementary booklet). 33nd annual conference of the institute of biology, Sri Lanka .the institute of biology Sri Lanka.

[15]    

Moiseenko T.I., Kudrayavtseva, L.P., Rodyushkin I.V., Dauyalter, V.A., Lukin A.A., and Kashulin, N.A., (1995) Airborne contamination by heavy metals and aluminum in the fresh water ecosystems of kola subarctic region (Russia). Science Total Environ. 160(161)P:715-727

[16]    

NIGERIA, Federal Ministry of Environment (2011) National Environmental (Surface and Groundwater Quality control) Regulations. Lagos: Federal Government Printer, Lagos, Nigeria. ((49(98) S.I. N0 22; P. B693-727.

[17]    

Pandey G. (2003) Overviews on diversity of fish. Research Journal of animal, veterinary and fishery Sciences 1(8) P: 12-18.

[18]    

Pandey G. and Madhuri S. (2014). Heavy metals causing toxicity in animals and fishes. Reviewed paper. Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Science. 2(2):P17-23.

[19]    

Praveenas M., Sandeep V., Karitha N and Jayantha Rao K. (2013) impact of tannery effluent, chromium on hematological parameters in fresh water fish, Labeo Rohita (Hamilton).Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery sciences. 1(6):p.1-5





 
  Join Us
 
  Join as Reviewer
 
  Join Editorial Board
 
share:
 
 
Submission
 
 
Membership