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Vol.5 , No. 1, Publication Date: Jan. 11, 2018, Page: 1-12
. Attempt was made in assessing the histological alterations in the gill, liver and kidney of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> juveniles exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Chlorpyrifos and DDforce. The range-finding tests for Chlorpyrifos (0.40, 0.55, 0.70 and 0.85mg/l) and DDforce (0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30mg/l) was carried-out to determine the concentrations of the test solution for the definitive test. The 96h LC<sub>50</sub> value was found to be 0.30mg/l and 0.18mg/l respectively. Subsequently, 1/10th and 1/100th of LC<sub>50</sub> was determined and the experiment was continued for four weeks (28days). Standard histological procedures were adopted in the assessment of the tissues. The pH and dissolved oxygen monitored decreased significantly (p<0.05) from lowest concentration to the highest concentration while the temperature value increased with an increase in concentrations as compared to the control. Fish exposed to different concentrations of Chlorpyrifos and DDforce observed showed general body weakness, hyperventilation, skin discoloration, loss of reflex, hyperactive, erratic swimming, which are behavioural changes. Histological alterations observed in the gill include congestion of secondary gill lamellae, hypertrophy, haemorrhage and lifting of the epithelia. Liver alterations include degeneration of hepatocytes, necrosis, severe vacuolar degeneration, congestion of central tubular and sinusoids. Kidney alterations include haemorrhage, necrosis, degeneration of kidney tubule and collapsing of the glomeruli. These results suggest that Chlorpyrifos and DDforce are toxic and have the disruptive effect on the tissues of fish.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/903.jpg)
| [1] | Bamidele Adewumi, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Michael Olufemi Ashamo, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria. |
| [3] | Damilohun Samuel Metibemu, Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Akungba, Nigeria. |
The necessity to produce food in large quantities to provide for the ever-increasing human population in the developing parts of the world has led to increasing in the use of agrochemicals (fertilizer and pesticides). Attempt was made in assessing the histological alterations in the gill, liver and kidney of Clarias gariepinus juveniles exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Chlorpyrifos and DDforce. The range-finding tests for Chlorpyrifos (0.40, 0.55, 0.70 and 0.85mg/l) and DDforce (0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30mg/l) was carried-out to determine the concentrations of the test solution for the definitive test. The 96h LC50 value was found to be 0.30mg/l and 0.18mg/l respectively. Subsequently, 1/10th and 1/100th of LC50 was determined and the experiment was continued for four weeks (28days). Standard histological procedures were adopted in the assessment of the tissues. The pH and dissolved oxygen monitored decreased significantly (p<0.05) from lowest concentration to the highest concentration while the temperature value increased with an increase in concentrations as compared to the control. Fish exposed to different concentrations of Chlorpyrifos and DDforce observed showed general body weakness, hyperventilation, skin discoloration, loss of reflex, hyperactive, erratic swimming, which are behavioural changes. Histological alterations observed in the gill include congestion of secondary gill lamellae, hypertrophy, haemorrhage and lifting of the epithelia. Liver alterations include degeneration of hepatocytes, necrosis, severe vacuolar degeneration, congestion of central tubular and sinusoids. Kidney alterations include haemorrhage, necrosis, degeneration of kidney tubule and collapsing of the glomeruli. These results suggest that Chlorpyrifos and DDforce are toxic and have the disruptive effect on the tissues of fish.
Keywords
Acute, Chronic, Histological, Behavioural, C. gariepinus. Chlorpyrifos, Ddforce
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