Indexing
All Issues
Submission
Author Guidelines
Reviewers
Editorial Members
Publication Fee
Vol.1 , No. 2, Publication Date: Aug. 29, 2014, Page: 42-49
 and singular value decomposition (SVD), which are then followed by quantization index modulation (QIM). The watermark can be blindly extracted without the knowledge of the original audio signal. Experimental results showed the proposed scheme is inaudible and accurate with high watermark payload (about 220 bps). It is also robust against several attacks such as common signal processing and desynchronization. Performance analysis demonstrates low error probability rates too.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/901.jpg)
| [1] | M. Firouzmand, Department of Electrical & Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science & Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran. |
| [2] | R. Aghaei, E-Commerce Department of Nooretouba University, Tehran, Iran. |
A self-synchronizing, robust, and inaudible audio watermarking algorithm has been proposed in this paper. The synchronization codes are embedded into the audio along with informative data, to enable self-synchronization capability of embedded data. The algorithm effectiveness brought by successive application of two powerful mathematical transforms: discrete wavelets transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD), which are then followed by quantization index modulation (QIM). The watermark can be blindly extracted without the knowledge of the original audio signal. Experimental results showed the proposed scheme is inaudible and accurate with high watermark payload (about 220 bps). It is also robust against several attacks such as common signal processing and desynchronization. Performance analysis demonstrates low error probability rates too.
Keywords
Copyright Protection, Digital Audio Watermarking, Discrete Wavelets Transform, Quantization Index Modulation, Singular Value Decomposition, Synchronization Code
Reference
| [01] | Cvejic N, Seppanen T.Digital audio watermarking techniques and technologies: applications and benchmarks.United States of America & United Kingdom: Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global). 2008. |
| [02] | Katzenbeisser S, Petitcolas FAP. Information Hiding Techniquesfor Steganography and Digital Watermarking. Artech House. 2000. |
| [03] | Cox IJ, Miller ML.The first 50 years of electronic watermarking.J. Appl. Signal Process. 2002; 56 (2): 225–230. |
| [04] | Barni M, Cox IJ, Kalker T.Digital watermarking, in: Fourth International Workshop, International Workshop on Digital Watermarking, Siena, Italy, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2005;3710: 260–274. |
| [05] | Wen-Nung L, Li-Chun C.Robust and high-quality time-domain audio watermarking subject to psychoacoustic masking, Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. 2002; 45–48. |
| [06] | Megías D, Herrera-joancomartíJ, Minguillón J.A robust audio watermarking scheme based on MPEG 1 layer III compression, Communications and Multimedia Security—CMS.Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2003; 963: 226–238. |
| [07] | Seok J, Hong J, Kim J.A novel audio watermarking algorithm for copyright protection of digital audio.ETRI J. 2002;24 (3):181–189. |
| [08] | Wu CP, SuPC,JayKuo CC.Robust audio watermarking for copyright protection, Proceedings of the SPIE.1999; 3807: 387–397. |
| [09] | Li W, Xue XY.Audio watermarking based on music content analysis: robust against time scale modification.Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Digital Watermarking.2003; 289–300. |
| [10] | GirinL,Marchand S.Watermarking of speech signals using the sinusoidal model and frequency modulation of the partials.IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing (ICASSP 2004). 2004; 633–636. |
| [11] | Lee HS, Lee WS.Audio watermarking through modification of tonal maskers.ETRI J. 2005; 27 (5): 608–661. |
| [12] | Wu SQ, HuangJW, Shi YQ.Efficiently self-synchronized audio watermarking for assured audio data transmission. IEEE Trans Broadcast. 2005;51(1): 69–76. |
| [13] | Huang JW, Wang Y, Shi YQ.A blind audio watermarking algorithm with self-synchronization.Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium Circuits and Systems. 2002;3: 627–630. |
| [14] | Du CT, Wang RD.An audio watermarking detecting improved algorithm based on HAS. J. Eng. Grap. 2005; 26 (1): 74–79. |
| [15] | Wang R, Xu D, ChenJ,Du C.Digital audio watermarking algorithm based on linear predictive coding in wavelet domain. 7th IEEE International conference on signal processing, (ICSP’04). 2004;1:2393–2396. |
| [16] | Chang CY, Shen WC, Wang HJ. Using counter-propagation neural network for robustdigital audio watermarking in DWT domain. IEEE International conference on systems, manand cybernetics, (SMC’06). 2006;2: 1214–1219. |
| [17] | Li W, Xue X, Lu P.Localized audio watermarking technique robust against time-scale modification.IEEE Trans Multimedia. 2006;8(1):60–69. |
| [18] | Xiang S, Huang J.Histogram-based audio watermarking against time-scale modification and cropping attacks. IEEE Trans Multimedia.2007; 9(7):1357–1372. |
| [19] | XiangS,Kim H, Huang J.Audio watermarking robust against time-scale modification and MP3 compression. Signal Process. 2008;88(10):2372–2387. |
| [20] | FanM,Wang H.Chaos-based discrete fractional Sine transform domain audio watermarking scheme. ComputElectr Eng.2009; 35(3):506–516. |
| [21] | ArnoldM,Wolthusen S, Schmucker M. Techniques and applications of digital watermarking and content protection. Artech House. 2003. |
| [22] | BeerendsJ,Stemerdink J.A perceptual audio quality measurement based on a psychoacoustic sound representation. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society.1992; 40(12): 963–972. |
| [23] | VivekanandaKB,Sengupta I, Das A.An audio watermarking scheme using singular value decomposition and dither-modulation quantization. Springer, Multimedia Tools and Applications. 2010; 52(2 – 3):369–383. |
