Indexing
All Issues
Submission
Author Guidelines
Reviewers
Editorial Members
Publication Fee
Vol.4 , No. 2, Publication Date: May 9, 2018, Page: 60-66
 are caused by the heat absorption and reflectance from solar energy by dark surfaces, which can cause the temperature in urban areas to be significantly warmer in the summer months. This excess heat increases the peak energy demand, as people rely on air conditioning to cope, which contributes to elevated levels of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Efforts to mitigate these adverse effects focus largely on increasing the reflective or radiate properties of the built environment, such as cool pavements. Cool pavement technologies create cooler surfaces through convection or higher reflectance. The aim of this paper is to review the strategies to reduce the heat-island effect that are among the climate change mitigations being considered by cities around the world with particular reference to the case of Abuja Nigeria, which will reveal the extent of road pavement contribution to UHI. Road pavement is the durable surface material laid down on an area intended to sustain vehicular or pedestrian traffic. The causes and effects of UHI with respect to the pavement structure at Abuja Metropolitan City, Nigeria were reviewed. The paper concluded that cool pavement technology could be used to control differential temperature induced by road pavement in Abuja, Nigeria.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/897.jpg)
| [1] | Aondoaseer Andy Abur, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Terseer Ako, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. |
| [3] | Ibrahim Tunde Yusuf, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. |
Urban heat islands (UHI) are caused by the heat absorption and reflectance from solar energy by dark surfaces, which can cause the temperature in urban areas to be significantly warmer in the summer months. This excess heat increases the peak energy demand, as people rely on air conditioning to cope, which contributes to elevated levels of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Efforts to mitigate these adverse effects focus largely on increasing the reflective or radiate properties of the built environment, such as cool pavements. Cool pavement technologies create cooler surfaces through convection or higher reflectance. The aim of this paper is to review the strategies to reduce the heat-island effect that are among the climate change mitigations being considered by cities around the world with particular reference to the case of Abuja Nigeria, which will reveal the extent of road pavement contribution to UHI. Road pavement is the durable surface material laid down on an area intended to sustain vehicular or pedestrian traffic. The causes and effects of UHI with respect to the pavement structure at Abuja Metropolitan City, Nigeria were reviewed. The paper concluded that cool pavement technology could be used to control differential temperature induced by road pavement in Abuja, Nigeria.
Keywords
Urban Heat Islands, Cool Pavement Technologies, Climate Change, Abuja Metropolitan City
Reference
| [01] | EPA Cool Pavements Study, Task 5 (2005). Cool Pavement Report: Cambridge Systematics. Inc., Chevy Chase, Maryland. |
| [02] | Adesola, O., Olarewaju, O. I., and. Abu, M. U. (2013). Land Use Change and Spatio Temporal Pattern of Land Surface Temperature of Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory. Department of Geology and Planning, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria. |
| [03] | Pomerantz, M., Akbari, H. and Harvey, J. T. (2000). Cooler Reflective Pavements Give Benefits Beyond Energy Savings: Durability and Illumination. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. |
| [04] | Akbari, H. (2005). Potentials of Urban Heat Island Mitigation. International Conference “Passive and Low Energy Cooling 11 for the Built Environment”, Santorini, Greece, pp. 11-22. Elsevier Science Ltd. |
| [05] | EPA. (2008). Reducing Urban Heat Islands: Compendium of Strategies. Washington DC: Environmental Protection Agency. |
| [06] | Qin, Y. (2015). A review on the development of cool pavements to mitigate urban heat island effect, Elsevier, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 52, 445-459. |
| [07] | Balogun, O. (2001). The Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria: Geography of its Development. University Press, Ibadan. |
| [08] | Pickett, S. T. A; Cadenasso, M. L; Grove, J. M, Nilon, C. H.; Pouyat, R. V. Zipperer, W. C. and Costanza, R. (2001). Urban Ecological Systems: Linking Terrestrial Ecological, Physical; and Socio-economic Components of Metropolitan Areas. Annal review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 32, Pp 127-157. |
| [09] | Bonan, G. B., Oleson, K. W., Vertenstein, M., Levis, S., Zeng, X., Dai, Y., Dickinson, R. E., and Yang, Z.-L. (2002). The land surface climatology of the Community Land Model Coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model. Journal of Climatology, 15, 3123-3149. |
| [10] | Peterson, T. C. (2003). Assessment of Urban Versus Rural In Situ Surface Temperature in the Contigous United State: No Difference Found”. Journal of Climate, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 329-332. |
| [11] | Kent B. B., John M. M., and Martin C. R. (2002). Impervious Surfaces and The quality of Natural and Built Environments. Department of Geography and Environmental Planning Towson University 8000 York Road Baltimore, Maryland 21252-0001. |
| [12] | EPA. Heat Island Effects (2012). Basic Information, Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/heatisld/about/index.htm |
| [13] | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA; (2012): Online news publication. www.noaa.gov/climate_service_update |
| [14] | Kendra K. Levine (2011). Cool Pavements Research & Technology. Institute of Transportation Studies Library at UC Berkeley. |
| [15] | American Concrete Pavement Association, ACPA (2002). Albedo: A Measure of Pavement Surface Reflectance. R&T Update: Concrete Pavement Research & Technology, www.pavement.com/Downloads/RT/RT3.05.pdf |
