ISSN Print: 2381-103X  ISSN Online: 2381-1048
American Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering  
Manuscript Information
 
 
Polyfactorial Etiology on Demography of Parasitic Allocreodoidean Trematodes in the Gangetic Ecosystem
American Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
Vol.4 , No. 2, Publication Date: Jun. 1, 2018, Page: 17-23
654 Views Since June 1, 2018, 290 Downloads Since Jun. 1, 2018
 
 
Authors
 
[1]    

Sushil Kumar Upadhyay, Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana- Ambala (Haryana), India.

[2]    

Raj Singh, Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana- Ambala (Haryana), India.

 
Abstract
 

One decade (2007-2017) successive investigations were conducted for environmental influence on the population dynamics of parasitic helminthes in pisces of the Gangetic plains. The fresh water crow fish of the Gangetic riverine ecosystem were found to be infected by allocreodoidean trematodes in gastro-intestinal region. The impacts of seasonality, hydrobiological and climatic factors vs. helminthes bio-ecology were reflected during investigation. The peak infection appeared to be in month of May and June. Size, weight and sex biased population dynamics of helminthes infections were well marked. Helminthes infections were found to be significantly influenced by dissolved oxygen, temperature and pollution parameters, substantiated and analyzed by the application of advanced numerical tool, SYSTAT 11. Therefore, the evidence of polyfactorial etiology is available. Thus no single factor could be segregated for typical peaks of infections during investigation. The present study will provide a new dimension to fish farmers for management of fish farming in wild and artificial conditions. The weakness of the current investigation is that authors did not work out impact of artificial environmental factors in vitro.


Keywords
 

Demography, Polyfactorial Etiology, Allocreodoidean Trematodes, Fresh Water Fish


Reference
 
[01]    

Upadhyay, S. K. 2012. Transmission dynamics and environmental influence on food borne parasitic helminthes of the Gangetic plains and central west coast of India. Unpubl. D. Phil. Thesis, University of Allahabad. 400p.

[02]    

Upadhyay, S. K., Jaiswal, N., Malhotra, A. and Malhotra, S. K. 2013. Ecological morphotaxometry of trematodes of garfish (Teleostomi: Belonidae) from Gangetic riverine ecosystem in India. II. Correlation of seasonality and host biology with distribution pattern of Cephalogonimus yamunii n.sp. J. Parasit. Dis., 37 (2): 211-217.

[03]    

Upadhyay, S. K., Yadav, D. and Pathak, R. K. 2015. The impact of water quality on the population distribution pattern of cephalogonimid trematodes Cephalogonimus yamunii in fresh water fish Heteropneustes fossilis at Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. J. Kalash Sci., 3 (2): 11-17.

[04]    

Upadhyay, S. K. 2017. Environmental impact on helminth parasites of fresh water garfish from river Yamuna at Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Proc. Zool. Soc. India, 16 (02): 63-75.

[05]    

Jaiswal, N., Upadhyay, S. K., Malhotra, A. and Malhotra, S. K. 2014. Ecological morphotaxometry of trematodes of garfish (Teleostomi: Belonidae) from Gangetic riverine ecosystem in India. III. Principal Component Analysis for hydrobiological correlates to dynamics of infections by Cephalogonimus yamunii (Upadhyay, Jaiswal, Malhotra and Malhotra, 2012). J. Parasit. Dis., 38 (2): 153-162.

[06]    

Audicana, M. T., Pozo, M. D. Del, Iglesias, R. and Ubeira, F. M. 2003. Anisakis simplex and Pseudoterranova decipiens. In: International handbook of foodborne pathogens (eds. R. Learmonth and M. D. Milliotis) 1st ed. Marcel Dekker, NY. 613-636.

[07]    

Nunn, C. L., Altizer, S., Jones, K. E. and Sechrest, W. 2003. Comparative tests of parasite species richness in primates. Amer. Nat. 162: 597-614.

[08]    

Lamkova., K., Simkova, A., Polycova, M., Jurajda, P. and Lojeck, A. 2007. Seasonal changes of immunocompetence and parasitism in chum (Leuciscus cephalus), a fresh water cyprinid fish. Parasitol. Res. 1755-1757.

[09]    

APHA (Amer. Pub. Hlth. Asso.) 1981. Standard method for the examination of water and waste water. 15th ed. Amer. Wat. Works. Asso. Wat. Poll. Cont. Fed. Wash. D. C. 134p.

[10]    

APHA (Amer. Pub. Hlth. Asso.) 1998. Standard method for the examination of water and waste water. 20th ed. Amer. Wat. Works. Asso. Wat. Poll. Cont. Fed. Wash. D. C. 1085p.

[11]    

Zeller, R. A. and Carmine, E. G. 1978. Statistical analysis of social data. Rand. Mc. Nally. Coll. Publ. Co. Chicago. 398p.

[12]    

Poission, S. D. 1837. Recherchessur la probability des judgments. Paris.

[13]    

Dhole, J., Jawale, S., Waghmare, S. and Chavan, R. 2010. Survey of helminth parasites in freshwater fishes from Marathwada region, MS, India. J. Fish. Aquacult. 1: 01-07.

[14]    

Loot, G., Reyjol, Y., Poulet, N., Simkova, A., Blanchet, S. and Lek, S. 2007. Effects of small weirs on fish parasite communities. Parasitol. Res. 101: 1265-1276.

[15]    

Karvonen, A., Cheng, G. H. and Valtonen, E. T. 2005. Within–lake dynamics in the similarity of parasite assemblages of perch (Percafluviatilis). Parasitol. 131: 817-823.

[16]    

Al-Kandari, W. Y., Abdul-Salam, J. and Meakins, R. 2000. Temporal variations in the infection of a population of Cerithidea cingulata by larval trematodes in Kuwait bay. J. Helminthol. 74: 17-22.

[17]    

Ernst, I., Whittington, I. D., Corneillie, S. and Talbot, C. 2005. Effects of temperature, salinity, dessication, hatchery and chemical treatment on egg embryonation and hatchery success of Benedenia sericola (Monogenea: Capsalidae, a parasite of formal Sericola sp.). J. Fish. Dis. 28: 157-164.

[18]    

Khan, M. N., Aziz, F., Afzal. M. Rab, A. Sahar, l. Ali, R. and Naqvi, M. 2003. Parasitic infection in different freshwater fishes of mini dames of Patohor region, Pakistan. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 6: 1092-1095.

[19]    

Krasnov, B. R., Stanko, M., Miklisova, D. and Morand, S. 2006. Habitat variation in species composition of flea assemblages on small mammals in central Europe. Ecol. Res. 21: 460-469.

[20]    

Combes, C. 2001. Parasitism. The ecology and evolution of intimate interactions. University of Chicago Press, USA.

[21]    

Fenton, A. 2007. Worms and germs: the population dynamics consequences of microparasite-macroparasite coinfection. Parasitol. 135: 1545-1560.

[22]    

Poulin, R. 2007. Evolutionary ecology of parasites (2ndedn). Princeton, Princeton University Press, USA and Oxford, UK.

[23]    

Barrett, J. 2009. Forty years of helminth biochemistry. Parasitol. 136: 1633-1642.

[24]    

Kennedy, C. R. 2009. The ecology of parasites of freshwater fishes: the search for patterns. Parasitol. 136: 1653-1662.

[25]    

Morand, S., Cribb, T. H., Kulbicki, M., Rigby, M. C., Chauvet, C., Dufour, V., Falix, E., Galzin, R., Lo, C. M., Lo Zet, A., Pichelin, S. and Sasal, P. 2000. Endoparasite species richness of new Caledonain butterfly fishes: host density and diet matter. Parasitol. 121: 65-72.

[26]    

Simkova, A., Morand, S., Matejusova, I., Jurajda, P. and Gelnar, M. 2001. Local and regional influences on patterns of parasite species richness of central European fishes. Biodiv. Conserv. 10: 511-525.

[27]    

Chaurasia, G. 2002. Investigations to identify Biodiversity determinants in Ichthyoparasitology. Unpubl. D. Phil. Thesis. University of Allahabad. 129p.

[28]    

Ryce, E. K. N., Zale, A. V., Mac Connell, E. and Nelson, M. 2005. Effects of fish age versus size on the development of whirling disease in rainbow trout. Dis. Aquat. Org. 63: 69-76.

[29]    

Morand, S. and Guegan J. F. 2000. Distribution and abundance of parasite nematode: ecological specialisation, phylogenetic constraint or simply epidemiology? Oikos. 88: 563-573.

[30]    

Olurin, K. B. and Somorin, C. A. 2006. Intestinal helminthes of the fishes of Owa stream, South-West Nigeria. Res. J. Fish. Hydrobiol. 1: 6-9.

[31]    

Lindenfros, P., Nunn, C. L., Jones, K. E., Cunningham, A. A., Sechrest, W. and Gittleman, J. L. 2007. Parasite species richness in carnivores: effects of host body mass, latitude, geographical range and population density. Global. Ecol. Biogeo. 1-14.





 
  Join Us
 
  Join as Reviewer
 
  Join Editorial Board
 
share:
 
 
Submission
 
 
Membership