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Vol.4 , No. 3, Publication Date: May 30, 2018, Page: 46-53
 samples of naira notes, of eight (8) different denominations (₦5, ₦10, ₦20, ₦50, ₦100, ₦200, ₦500, ₦1000) were randomly collected from categories of individuals; food vendors, traders, provision stores, cobblers, meat vendors at strategic places in Wukari city for investigation using standard microbiological techniques. The aim of these study was to isolate and identify bacteria allied with the surface of naira notes and there antibiogram. The result showed isolates of <i>Escherichia coli</i> 40 (19.1%), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 34 (16.3%), <i>Bacillus</i> species 27 (12.9%), <i>Streptococcus</i> species 17 (8.1%) and <i>Klebsiella</i> species 15 (7.7%) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> 67 (31.6%) and <i>Salmonella</i> species 9 (4.3%). <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> 67 (31.6%) was more predominant while <i>Salmonella</i> species 9 (4.3%) was the least. The colony forming units of isolates from the various denomination of ₦5, ₦10, ₦20, ₦50, ₦100, ₦200, ₦500 and ₦1000 were 2.7x10<sup>5</sup>, 3.1x10<sup>5</sup>, 1.8x10<sup>5</sup>, 3.0x10<sup>5</sup>, 3.0x10<sup>5</sup>, 2.9x10<sup>5</sup>, 2.6x10<sup>5</sup> and 1.8x10<sup>5</sup> respectively. The antibiogram of the isolates show that all isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and resistant to augmentin. Other antibiotics (gentamycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and ampiclox) has various degree of susceptibility and resistant. In conclusion, naira notes in circulation harbour and serve as vehicles for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria via human/anthropogenic factors either through poor sanitation and hygiene or poor handling of the naira notes. Contaminated naira notes are potential risks to public health as they can serve as agents for the dispersal of different infectious pathogen which has found to be resistant to most of the commercially marketed antibiotics, making their treatment more difficult. Therefore, care should be taken to prevent these notes coming in contact with pathogenic bacteria.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/890.jpg)
| [1] | Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Olofinlade Olamide Gloria, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria. |
| [3] | Joseph Torshian Ugye, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria. |
Forty (40) samples of naira notes, of eight (8) different denominations (₦5, ₦10, ₦20, ₦50, ₦100, ₦200, ₦500, ₦1000) were randomly collected from categories of individuals; food vendors, traders, provision stores, cobblers, meat vendors at strategic places in Wukari city for investigation using standard microbiological techniques. The aim of these study was to isolate and identify bacteria allied with the surface of naira notes and there antibiogram. The result showed isolates of Escherichia coli 40 (19.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 34 (16.3%), Bacillus species 27 (12.9%), Streptococcus species 17 (8.1%) and Klebsiella species 15 (7.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus 67 (31.6%) and Salmonella species 9 (4.3%). Staphylococcus aureus 67 (31.6%) was more predominant while Salmonella species 9 (4.3%) was the least. The colony forming units of isolates from the various denomination of ₦5, ₦10, ₦20, ₦50, ₦100, ₦200, ₦500 and ₦1000 were 2.7x105, 3.1x105, 1.8x105, 3.0x105, 3.0x105, 2.9x105, 2.6x105 and 1.8x105 respectively. The antibiogram of the isolates show that all isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and resistant to augmentin. Other antibiotics (gentamycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and ampiclox) has various degree of susceptibility and resistant. In conclusion, naira notes in circulation harbour and serve as vehicles for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria via human/anthropogenic factors either through poor sanitation and hygiene or poor handling of the naira notes. Contaminated naira notes are potential risks to public health as they can serve as agents for the dispersal of different infectious pathogen which has found to be resistant to most of the commercially marketed antibiotics, making their treatment more difficult. Therefore, care should be taken to prevent these notes coming in contact with pathogenic bacteria.
Keywords
Naira, Bacteria, Antibiogram, Identification, Wukari
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