Indexing
All Issues
Submission
Author Guidelines
Reviewers
Editorial Members
Publication Fee
Vol.2 , No. 4, Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2016, Page: 28-33
, <i>Gymnema sylvestre</i> (leaves), <i>Corchorus olitorius</i> (leaves) and <i>Bulchozia coriceae</i> (seeds) were evaluated. Diabetes was induced in selected albino rats while the control groups were normal. Both groups were fed diets containing different levels of each plant product (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0% respectively) for twenty-eight days. Effects of plant products on blood glucose, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium levels of experimental animals were evaluated. The crude protein, fat, dietary fibre and carbohydrate composition of the four plant products were significantly (p<0.05) different. Insoluble and soluble dietary fibre were significantly (p<0.05) higher in <i>G. sylvestre</i> and <i>G. latifolium</i> respectively. Sodium and potassium levels were highest in <i>C. olitorius</i>. Saponin content was highest in <i>G. latifolium</i>. There was a dose-dependent decrease in blood glucose and sodium concentration in all the diets groups. <i>C. olitorius</i> fed-diet reduced mean body weights of experimental animals throughout the four weeks of study.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/890.jpg)
| [1] | Philippa C. Ojimelukwe, Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Nuria Amaechi, Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria. |
| [3] | Doris Akachukwu, Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria. |
The proximate, dietary fibre, mineral and antinutrient compositions of Gongronema latifolium (leaves), Gymnema sylvestre (leaves), Corchorus olitorius (leaves) and Bulchozia coriceae (seeds) were evaluated. Diabetes was induced in selected albino rats while the control groups were normal. Both groups were fed diets containing different levels of each plant product (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0% respectively) for twenty-eight days. Effects of plant products on blood glucose, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium levels of experimental animals were evaluated. The crude protein, fat, dietary fibre and carbohydrate composition of the four plant products were significantly (p<0.05) different. Insoluble and soluble dietary fibre were significantly (p<0.05) higher in G. sylvestre and G. latifolium respectively. Sodium and potassium levels were highest in C. olitorius. Saponin content was highest in G. latifolium. There was a dose-dependent decrease in blood glucose and sodium concentration in all the diets groups. C. olitorius fed-diet reduced mean body weights of experimental animals throughout the four weeks of study.
Keywords
Proximate, Diabetes, Antinutrients, Mineral, Dietary Fibre
Reference
| [01] | American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2011, 34 (Suppl 1): S62–S69. |
| [02] | Asif M. The prevention and control the type-2 diabetes by changing lifestyle and dietary pattern. J Edu Health Prom 2014, 3: 1. |
| [03] | Jack L, Jr, Boseman L, Vinicor F. Aging Americans and diabetes. A public health and clinical response. Geriatrics 2004, 59 (4): 14-17. |
| [04] | Lovejoy JC. The influence of dietary fat on insulin resistance. Curr Diab Rep 2002, 2 (5): 435-440. |
| [05] | Giugliano D, Esposito K. Mediterranean diet and metabolic diseases. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008, 19: 63–68. |
| [06] | Martinez-Gonzalez MA, de la Fuente-Arrillaga C, Nunez-Cordoba JM, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Beunza JJ, Vazquez Z, et al. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of developing diabetes: Prospective cohort study. BMJ 2008, 336: 1348–1351. |
| [07] | Willi C, Bodenmann P, Ghali WA, Faris PD, Cornuz J. Active smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2007, (22): 2654-2664. |
| [08] | Boffetta P, Mclerran D, Chan Y, Manami I, Sinha R, Gupta PC, et al. Body mass index and diabetes mellitus in Asia. A cross sectional pooled analysis of 900,000 individuals in the Asia cohort consortium 2011. |
| [09] | Schröder H. Protective mechanisms of the Mediterranean diet in obesity and type 2 diabetes. J Nutr Biochem 2007, 18: 149-160. |
| [10] | Lipi D, Eshani B, Utpal R, Runu C. Role of nutraceuticals in human health. J Food SciTech 2012, 49 (2): 173–183. |
| [11] | Pandey M, Verma RK, Saraf SA. Nutraceuticals: new era of medicine and health. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2010, 3: 11–15. |
| [12] | AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. 13th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, USA, 1990, 233-234. |
| [13] | Pearson D.. The chemical Analysis of Foods. 7th Edn; Churchill Livingstone, London, 1976. |
| [14] | Price ML, Butler LG. Rapid visual estimation and spectrophotometric determination of tannin content of sorghum grain. J Agric Food Chem 1977, 25 (6): 1268-1273. |
| [15] | Thompson DB, Erdman JW Jr. Phytic acid determination in soybeans. J Food Sci 1982, 47: 513. |
| [16] | Ukpabi UJ, Ejidoh JI. Effect of Deep Oil Frying on Oxalates Contents and Degree of Itching of Cocoyam. In: Experimental Procedures for Food and Water Analysis, Odo, F. O. and C. N Istiwu (Eds.). Computer Edge Publishers, London, 1989, 84-88. |
| [17] | Agrawal PK, Jain DC, Gupta RK, Thakur RS. Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy of steroidal sapogenins and steroidal saponins. Phytochemistry 1989, 24, 2479–2496. |
| [18] | Kakade ML, Rackis JJ, Mcghee JE, Puski G. Determination of trypsin inhibitor activity of soya products. Cereal Chem 1974, 51: 376. |
| [19] | James CJ. The Analytical Chemistry of Foods. Chapman and Hall Press, New York, 1989, 86. |
| [20] | Trinder P. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Ann Clin Biochem 1969, 6: 24-27. |
| [21] | Fossati P, Lorenzo P. Serum Triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen-peroxide. Clin Chem 1982, 28: 2077–2080. |
| [22] | Tietz NW. Specimen Collection and Processing; Sources of Biological Variation. Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, 2nd Edition, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1984. |
| [23] | Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without the use of preparative centrifuge. Clin Chem 1972, 18: 499–502. |
| [24] | Terri AE, Sesin PG. Am J Clin Path 1958, 29: 86. |
| [25] | Maruna RFL. Determination of serum sodium by the magnesium uranyl acetate. Clin Chem Acta 1958, 2: 581-585. |
| [26] | Henry RJ, Cannon DC, Winkleman JW. Clinical Chemistry Principles and Technics, 2nd Edition, Harper and Row, 1974. |
| [27] | Usunobun U, Okolie NP, Anyanwu OG, Adegbegi AJ, Egharevba ME. Phytochemical screening and proximate composition of Annoma muricata leave. EJBPSP 2015, 2 (1): 18-28. |
| [28] | Weickert MO, Mohlig M, Koebnick C, Holst JJ, Namsolleck P, Ristow M, Osterhoff M, Rochlitz H, Rudovich N, Spranger J, Pfeiffer AF. Impact of cereal fibre on glucose–regulating factors. Diabetologia 2005, 48: 2343–2353. |
| [29] | Post RE, Mainous AG, King DE, Simpson KN. Dietary fiber for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A meta-Analysis. J Am Board Fam Med 2012, 25 (1): 16-23. |
| [30] | Ozcan M. Mineral Contents of some Plants used as condiments in Turkey. Food Chem 2003, 84: 437-440. |
| [31] | Ha SK. Dietary Salt Intake and Hypertension. Electrolyte Blood Press 2014, 12 (1): 7-18. |
| [32] | Takeda E, Yamamoto H, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Taketani Y. Dietary phosphorus in bone health and quality of life. Nutr Rev 2012, 70: 311-321. |
| [33] | Akwaowo EU, Ndon BA, Etuk EU. Minerals and antinutrients in fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook f.). Food Chem 2000, 70: 235-240. |
| [34] | Ndlovu J, Afolayan AJ. Nutritional Analysis of the South African Wild Vegetable Corchorus olitorius L. A JPS 2008, 7: 615-618. |
| [35] | Elliot M, Chithan K, Theoharis CT. The effects of plant flavanoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2000, 52: 673-751. |
| [36] | Tanko Y, Sada NH, Mohammed KA, Jimoh, MY, Mohammed A. Effect of ethanolic extract of Caralluma daizielii on serum electrolytes levels on fructose-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Ann Biol Res 2013, 4: 157-161. |
