About Communications       Author's Guide       Reviewers       Editorial Members       Archive
Archive
Volume 8
2021
Volume 7
2020
Volume 6
2019
Volume 5
2018
Volume 4
2017
Volume 3
2016
Volume 2
2015
Volume 1
2014
AASCIT Communications | Volume 3, Issue 3 | Mar. 14, 2016 online | Page:125-131
Ultra Cold Atoms Using Laser Light
Abstract
The invention of the laser spurred the development of additional techniques to manipulate atoms with light. Using laser light to cool atoms was first proposed in 1975 by taking advantage of the Doppler Effect to make the radiation force on an atom dependent on its velocity, a technique known as Doppler cooling. One of the major technical challenges in Doppler cooling was increasing the amount of time an atom can interact with the laser light. Ultra cold atoms may even allow creating exotic states of matter, which cannot otherwise be observed in nature. Owing to their unique quantum properties and the great experimental control available in such systems, ultra cold atoms have a variety of applications, namely, quantum computation and quantum simulation in the context of condensed matter physics where it may provide valuable insights into the properties of interacting quantum systems. Laser cooling is primarily used to create ultra cold atoms for experiments in quantum physics.
Authors
[1]
T. K. Subramaniam, Department of Science and Humanities (Physics), Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai, India.
Keywords
Doppler Effect, Exotic States, Quantum Computation, Quantum Simulation, Condensed Matter, Laser Cooling
Reference
[1]
Phillips, W. D. (1997). "Laser Cooling and Trapping of Atoms" (PDF). Nobel Lecture. Nobel Foundation, pp. 199–237.
[2]
E. S. Shuman, J. F. Barry, and D. DeMille (2010). "Laser cooling of a diatomic molecule". Science 467: 820–823. Doi: 10.1038/nature09443
[3]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2007, April 8). Laser-cooling Brings Large Object near Absolute Zero. Science Daily. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
[4]
Caltech Team Uses Laser Light to Cool Object to Quantum Ground State. Caltech.edu. Retrieved June 27, 2013. Updated 10/05/2011.
[5]
Mark Kasevich, Steven Chu, “Laser cooling below photon recoil with three-level atoms”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1741 (1992)
[6]
Andrew J. Kerman, Vladan Vuletic, Cheng Chin, and Steven Chu, Beyond Optical Molasses: 3D Raman Sideband Cooling of Atomic Cesium to High Phase-Space Density, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 439 (2000).
[7]
Bell, John (1964). "On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen Paradox" (PDF). Physics1 (3): 195–200.
[8]
Griffiths, David J. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Pearson/Prentice Hall p. 423, 1998.
[9]
Stapp, Henry P. (1975). "Bell's Theorem and World Process”. Nuovo Cimento29B (2): 270–276. Bibcode: 1975NCimB.29.270S. doi: 10.1007/BF02728310. (Quote on p. 271).
[10]
Dalibard, J; Cohen-Tannoudji, C, “Laser cooling below the Doppler limit by polarization gradients: simple theoretical models, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6(11) 2023-2045 (1989).
[11]
Kosachiov, D V; Rozhdestvensky, Yu V; Nienhuis, G, “Laser cooling of three-level atoms in two standing waves”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14(3) 535-543 (1997).
[12]
Kaiser, Robin; Kastberg, Anders; Morigi, Giovanna, “Laser Cooling of Matter”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20(5) 883-883 (2003).
[13]
Metcalf, H J; van der Straten, P, “Laser cooling and trapping of atoms”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20(5) 887-908 (2003).
[14]
Blinov, B B; Kohn Jr , R N; Madsen, M J; Maunz, P; Moehring, D L; Monroe, C, “Broadband laser cooling of trapped atoms with ultrafast pulses”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23(6) 1170-1173 (2006).
[15]
Toschek, Peter E; Neuhauser, Werner, “Optical cooling revisited”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6(11) 2220-2226 (1989).
[16]
Nemova, Galina; Kashyap, Raman, “Laser cooling with PbSe colloidal quantum dots”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 29(4) 676-682 (2012).
[17]
Dong, Guang-Zong; Zhang, Xin-Lu; Li, Li, “Energy transfer enhanced laser cooling in Ho3+ and Tm3+-codoped lithium yttrium fluoride”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30(4) 939-944 (2013).
[18]
Wang, Xiaofeng; Cao, Dingxiang; Zhou, Mu; Tan, Jichun, “Q-switched lasers with optical cooling”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24(9) 2213-2217 (2007).
[19]
Neves, Antonio A. R; Jones, Philip H; Luo, Le; Marago, Onofrio M, “Optical cooling and trapping: introduction” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 32(5) Oct1 –Oct5(2015).
[20]
E. S. de Lima Filho, K. V. Krishnaiah, Y. Ledemi, Y.-J. Yu, Y. Messaddeq, G. Nemova, and R. Kashyap, “Ytterbium-doped glass-ceramics for optical refrigeration,” Opt. Express 23, 4630–4640 (2015).
[21]
D. Bowman, P. Ireland, G. D. Bruce, and D. Cassettari, “Multi-wavelength holography with a single spatial light modulator for ultra cold atom experiments,” Opt. Express 23, 8365–8372 (2015).
[22]
R. D. Glover and T. Bastin, “Optical collimation of an atomic beam using a white light molasses,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 32, B1–B10 (2015).
[23]
A. Ivanov, Y. Rozhdestvensky, and E. Perlin, “Coherent pumping for fast laser cooling of doped crystals,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 32, B47–B54 (2015).
[24]
H. J. Eerkens, F. M. Buters, M. J. Weaver, B. Pepper, G. Welker, K. Heeck, P. Sonin, S. de Man, and D. Bouwmeester, “Optical side-band cooling of a low frequency optomechanical system,” Opt. Express 23, 8014–8020 (2015).
Arcticle History
Submitted: Feb. 14, 2016
Accepted: Feb. 29, 2016
Published: Mar. 14, 2016
The American Association for Science and Technology (AASCIT) is a not-for-profit association
of scientists from all over the world dedicated to advancing the knowledge of science and technology and its related disciplines, fostering the interchange of ideas and information among investigators.
©Copyright 2013 -- 2019 American Association for Science and Technology. All Rights Reserved.